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act OF 



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PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 



BY 

JOHN BUNYAN 

ABRIDGED FOR YOUNG READERS BY 
EDWARD EVERETT HALE, Jr, 



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The Standard Text- Books on Geography 



Maupy's New Elementary Geography. 
Maury's Revised Manual of Geography. 
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These books were not. p^mnilftrl t^r^rr^ *»««^«T^~^5as, but are 



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Venahle's New Elementary Arithmetic. 
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" The singular teaching power of the examples as displayed 
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• written,' but in the groups within the groups, each subordmate 
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seem to me to excel." 



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STANDARD LITERATURE SERIES 



THE 

PILGRIM'S'^ROGRESS 



JOHN BUNYAN 
ABRIDGED FOR YOUNG READERS 

WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY 

EDWARD EVERETT HALE, Jr., Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC AND LOGIC IN UNION COLLEGE 




2nd COPY, V ^ n c> 
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Copyright, 1898, by 
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*** 1958 




PREFATORY NOTE. 

This edition of the ^^ Pilgrim's Progress "is made espe- 
cially for younger readers. Those of us who first heard the 
great allegory from our mothers will remember that much 
that we could not well understand was omitted from those 
early readings. For the present text I am indebted to Mrs. 
Maurice Perkius, who gives here those parts of the story 
which will excite and hold the interest of the child. She has 
omitted a good deal that does not appeal to the child's mind, 
but the language is Bunyan^s throughout. Only in two or 
three cases have even single words been supplied. 

In printing this abridgment I have been guided by a desire 
to present the peculiarities of the original edition (using 
generally Elliot Stock^s facsimile) wherever it was consistent 
with clearness. This will explain the cut-in notes, the irreg- 
ular use of capitals and of quotation marks. The original 
spelling, however, wherever it differs from current usage, has 
not been preserved, nor the original punctuation, nor the 
original use of italics. These matters, it was felt, would 
confuse the young reader. The result of this plan is a cer- 
tain inconsistency, which arises generally from the incorrect 
or inconsistent printing of the first edition, but partly from 
the partial reproduction. For the additions from the second 
and third editions I have generally followed in the main the 
third American edition of 1844. 

The notes do not assume to explain everything. To have 
tried to give all Scripture references and allusions, to explain 
all the examples of archaic expression, to note all matters 
illustrated by Bunyan^s experience, or that of the typical 



IV PKEFATOKY NOTE. j 

Christian, would have resulted in surrounding the text with 
a far greater volume of commentary. The notes, then, deal 
only with the most characteristic or obvious cases. They 
indicate, however, the direction which the teacher's explana- 
tion and comment may take. 

Edwaed Everett Hale, Jr. 
Uniok College. 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Pkefatoky Note iii 

Introduction : 

I. The Time and the Man. 

1. The Puritans vii 

2. John Bunyan ....... ix 

II. The Book. 

1. The Story xii 

2. The Allegory xvii 

3. The Language xxi 

III. Useful Books about Bunyan xxvii 

The Pilgrim's Progress 1 



mTRODUCTION. 

I. The Time an^d the Mak. 

The Puritans. — The '^ Pilgrim's Progress " is a book which 
many have read with the greatest interest and delight, with 
no knowledge of the author, except perhaps that his name 
was John Bunyan, and no knowledge at all of the period in 
which the book was written. You may read it so yourself, 
and you like it, and understand it. It is one of the great 
things about this book, that it makes its appeal to all, young 
and old, ignorant as well as learned. It speaks of things 
that everybody feels, in a way that everybody understands. 

But we always like to know something about a man who 
has written that which we like to read, and often we can 
read his book better for knowing something about him. It 
may be no great help to us to know just what he did all his 
life, but it will be a help to us to catch something of his 
spirit, if we can, and to learn what was in his heart when he 
wrote his book. And often, too, it is a good thing to know 
something of the time in which the author lived. We may 
not get much by knowing the dates of his birth and his 
death, but often (and especially is it so with Bunyan) a man 
has so much of the spirit of his time in him, that we need to 
know something of history to know much of him. 

John Bunyan lived in an important time in England. He 
was born in 1628, and was therefore in early manhood in 
1649, when the people of England, as represented in their 
Parliament, deposed their king and set up a more republican 
government under Oliver Cromwell. The people objected to 
the King and the royal government for two reasons. One 



Vlll INTEODUCTION. 

was, that King Charles I. had made the name of king 
hateful to so many, that they longed to have no more kings 
at all. But another reason, and for us just now more im- 
portant, was that there were many who were dissatisfied with 
the form of religious worship which was carried on under 
royal sanction, and felt that Grod called on them to worship 
in other ways. These people had long been called Puritans. 
From them had gone out those who settled New England, 
men who saw no chance for worshipping as they thought 
right and needful in England, and who therefore came to 
America to worship in the way that they held was most 
pleasing to God. But not all the Puritans came to America. 
The greater number stayed in England, took part in the 
great political struggle between the King and the Parliament, 
casting in their lot with the latter. Then, when the Com- 
monwealth was proclaimed, they established those forms of 
religious worship that they thought best. 

The Puritans were men to whom religion was an all-im- 
portant thing. Their effort in life was to stand yery near to 
God, and to do his will as they found it in the Bible. They 
believed that each man, so far as. might be, should stand in 
close relation to God, without the interposing of church or 
priest. How far they succeeded we need not try to deter- 
mine ; what is important for us, was their spirit. The great 
work of the Puritans was religious. To them go back the 
great bodies of Christians called Presbyterian, Congregational, 
Baptist. Politically, they were of the Parliamentary side, 
and stood for civil liberty as opposed to any great power of 
the King. But they were not chiefly a political party, and 
they remained, when the political commonwealth which they 
supported came to an end. It was not in politics that their 
great force was disj^layed. 

Nor did they as a rule express themselves in literature. 
On the whole, the Puritans did not care for literature, save 
such as they found in the Bible. Still, they produced two 



THE TIME AND THE MAN". IX 

of the great authors of tlieir time, John Milton and John 
Bunyan. John Milton was a great scholar and a great poet, 
and he gave the world his thoughts on man^s sin and man^s 
salvation in two great poems, called ^^ Paradise Lost^' and 
'^Paradise Eegained/^ Bunyan was not a scholar or a poet, 
but he, too, as eyery other earnest Puritan, had thought and 
felt most earnestly on these matters, and he, too, wrote 
much. But of all his writings the one that had vitality and 
life beyond his own day was the *^ Pilgrim's Progress.^' 

John Bunyan was the son of Thomas Bunyan, of Elstow, 
a town near Bedford, in Bedfordshire, which is one of the 
central or midland counties of England. His father was 
a whitesmith or brasier, or, as he is more often called, a 
tinker. Tinkers were in those days a rough, wandering 
set, but Thomas Bunyan was a man of settled life and per- 
haps better than the general run of such men. At any 
rate he gaye his son a little schooling, if not very much, 
and taught his son his own trade. John Bunyan seems to 
haye been much like other young apprentices of his day. 
He speaks of himself as having been a very great sinner, but 
this was later in his life, when he had become a religious 
man. It hardly seems that he was worse than the average 
young man of his time. In one place he says that his chief 
sins were dancing, bell-ringing, j)laying tip-cat, and reading 
stories. It is true that these pursuits gaye occasion, in those 
days, to yery great abuses ; but Bunyan assures us elsewhere 
that he had none of the greater vices. He was yery profane 
in his speech, but on being strongly reproved one day, he 
gaye up the habit. In fact he was not really wicked as far 
as we can see ; he may have been idle and boisterous, and, 
perhaps, had no farther idea of life than to do no more work 
than he could help and to enjoy himself as much as he 
could. 

When the war was going on between the King and the 
Parliament, Bunyan went into the army and saw some ser- 



X INTRODUCTIOK 

yice. We do not know on which side he fought, but as 
Bedfordshire was strongly in favor of the Parliament, it 
would seem most probable that he went into the Parlia- 
mentarian army. ^ It was afterwards that he became a Puritan. 
At any rate he received one great shock during the war. He 
was drawn for some duty during the siege of Leicester, but 
another went in liis place. The man was killed, and Bunyan 
thought, *^ Suppose I had gone !" On coming back from the 
army he married a young woman, who, as he says, brought 
nothing with her but two religious books. By her influence, 
perhaps, Bunyan changed his manner of life. He gave up 
his former sports, and went to church. He became even 
vigorously religious as far as externals were concerned, and 
was indeed very well satisfied and well pleased with himself. 

But this easy-going content did not last very long. Soon 
began for him a period of mental distress which he has 
described for us in a story of his life, which he called 
"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.''' His troubles 
were of a kind not uncommon at any time perhaps, but 
certainly more common in his day than in ours. More and 
more utterly evil and sinful did he seem to himself. Less 
and less did his religious observances seem to him sufficient 
for the saving of his soul. We need not tell at length all his 
troubles and struggles. His excited imagination made for 
him difficulties of which many of us have never dreamed. 
But he read his Bible constantly, and fortunately he fell in 
with other people whose religious life was at first a wonder 
to him and afterwards a means of help. 

In time he overcame his doubts and troubles and joined a 
small congregation of Baptists in Bedford, whose minister 
was John Gifford, a man who, like Bunyan, had formerly 
lived a careless, irreligious life. As time went on Mr. Gifford 

' Mr. Brown, the best authority, thinks Froude, and some others, think he was in 
he was in the Parliamentarian army, and so the Royal army. There is very little evi- 
do Macaulay and Canon Venablcs. Jlr, dence on either side. 



THE TIME AND THE MAN. xi 

died, and Buiiyan took liis place and became widely known 
for liis preaching. 

The year 1660 came, the year in which Charles II. was 
restored to his kingdom, and with the king was restored the 
form of worship which had passed away from England when 
the former king had been dethroned. Bunyan was by this 
time a well-known man, a leading minister of the Baptist 
body. But it was resolved that only one form of worship 
should be allowed in England, and so, with many more. 
Baptists and others, Bunyau was seized and committed to 
prison for not attending the parish church and for preaching 
unlawfully. He admitted the charge, but refused to give up 
his ministry. The judge sent him to prison for three 
months, telling him if, at the end of that time, he would not 
give up his preaching, he should be banished from England, 
under pain of hanging if he returned. He was not banished, 
however, but remained in prison for twelve years, although for 
part of that time he was allowed a little liberty, sometimes 
more, sometimes less. And even after this long time he 
had only been free for a few years when he was imprisoned 
again. 

It was in the Bedford town prison that the '^Pilgrim's 
Progress^' was written. You will see that it begins : '^As I 
walked through the wilderness of this world I lighted on a 
certain place where was a den, and laid me down in that 
place to sleep ; and as I slept I dreamed a dream. ^' Else- 
where he tells us that as he was writing something else the 
idea came to him. He meant to introduce it in another 
writing, but as he thought of it more and more, it grew more 
and more in his mind, and he made an independent story of 
it. At first it seemed a slight thing not worth printing. 
Some of his friends thought he had better let it be as it was. 
But others advised printing, and Bunyan was of that mind 
himself. It was published in 1678, and became popular, 
though not at once. When, however, it became known, new 



Xll INTRODUCTION. 

editions were called for year by year, and even imitations 
appeared. Almost to protect himself from those who thus 
took liberties with his story, Bunyan wrote in 1684 a second 
part. The second part tells how, after Christian had left his 
wife and children (p. 2), they were themselves moved to 
undertake the pilgrimage that he had successfully passed 
over, and how they too started for the Wicket Gate and made 
their way to the Celestial City. 

Besides these two books, Bunyan wrote many more, but 
none that the world has so taken to its heart. There is 
much in the '^Holy War^" and in '^' Grace Abounding^' 
which will be read with interest and pleasure, but neither is 
a book like the " Pilgrim's Progress. ^^ 

After he was finally released from prison Bunyan continued 
his life as a preacher. He went every year to London to 
preach, and visited other parts of the country. He lived for 
sixteen years in this way, but in 1688 he was overtaken by 
rains in a journey to London, took cold, and then a fever, 
and so died on August 12th of that year, in the sixty-first year 
of his age. 

Of the man and his character we need say nothing more ; 
but a word or two more may well be said of the '^ Pilgrim^s 
Progress, ^^ of the story, of the allegory, of its language, and 
of what it is that has given it the character it has in the 
literature of the world. 

II. The Book. 

The Story. — The *^ Pilgrim's Progress" is one of the 
world's famous allegories, and what an allegory is we will 
learn later. But one may read the ^'^ Pilgrim's Progress^' as 
a story, without any more thought of an allegorical meaning 
than any story may have for us. That is the way that one 
first reads the '' Pilgrim's Progress,"' at least those of us who 
read it or have it read to us as children. We just read about 



THE BOOK. Xlll 

the adventures of Christian as we might read the adventures 
of anybody else, because they are interesting. Then we re- 
member them, and afterwards come to see the meaning that 
Bunyan had in mind. It is a simple story, full of common, 
every-day incidents, on the one hand, such as spending the 
night at a mansion house (p. 30), falling asleep under an 
arbor (p. 28), talking with shepherds or other wayfarers 
(p. 72), and yet, on the other, with fierce battles (p. 42), and 
cruel trials (p. 58), and escapes from prison (p. 71), and from 
lions (p. 30), and giants (p. 66), and dragons of the pit 
(p. 44). If some of Christianas adventures are very wonder- 
ful, and others very like what might happen to one of us, 
we must remember that it is " in the similitude of a dream," 
and that in a dream we mingle strangely what we have known 
and what we have imagined, all in great confusion, and yet 
all natural enough at the time. 

A good deal of the " Pilgrim^s Progress "" came from Bun- 
yan's own experience, as we shall see ; for the rest, we shall 
generally find it in the Bible. When Bunyan told of the 
battle with Apollyon, he had in mind the text : " Resist the 
devil and he shall fly from you." When he wrote of the trial 
of Faithful, he was thinking perhaps of the trial of Stephen. 
When the Pilgrims fall into a net, it is because Bunyan 
remembered Proverbs, xxix. 5 ; when the ^^ voice of the turtle 
is heard," in the land of Beulah, it is a reminiscence of the 
Song of Solomon, ii. 12. The Celestial City may well have 
come to his mind from the book of Eevelation, and in writing 
of the River of Death, he thought of Isaiah, xliii. 2. 

But much of his story came from his own experience. In- 
deed the Bible was really as much his own experience as 
anything else, for he must have read it continually to be as 
familiar with it as he was ; but we speak now of the ordinary 
comings and goings which might have belonged to the life 
of anybody else of that day. Thus Christian, in starting out, 
runs heedlessly from the path, and flounders about in a great 



XIV INTKODUCTION. 

mire, in spite of the stepping-stones, which make a good 
means for careful travellers to get across. As he goes along 
he stops to rest in a pleasant arbor half-way np the hill, and 
indeed goes to sleep and loses his roll. He sees on his way 
a fine house with a porter's lodge, and thinks he might get 
a night's lodging there. He falls in with a fellow traveller, 
and meets with others on the same journey. The way is often 
hard and rough, but at other times it is pleasant, and even 
runs along for some days by a pleasant river. As is often 
the case in England, there are many paths across the fields, 
and once Christian and Hopeful get over the stile, thinking 
to get easier walking, and perhaps a short cut. And the way 
on which they go, though the straitness of it and the narrow- 
ness of it come from the Scripture text, yet the road itself 
is not so unlike an English highway. It goes over hill and 
dale; many other paths ^^butt into it"; '^ a little crooked 
lane" comes into it ; sometimes a branch road leads the way- 
farer astray. There are thieves about, and in these same 
lanes are murders done. Indeed, when we think how much 
more people travelled afoot in those days than they do now, 
when railroad tickets may be bought for so little, we can see 
how the simple incidents of the '^Pilgrim's Progress" came 
home to every one who had ever gone beyond the boundary 
of his native town. 

One rather curious indication of how entirely Bunyan was 
writing of what he knew and had seen, comes from one of 
those few cases where he wrote of what we may suppose he 
had not seen and did not know much about. Bunyan's 
home was in Bedfordshire, a flat, level country in the middle 
of England. It does not appear, from anything that we 
know, that he had ever been much farther from home than 
to London on the south, or to Leicester, possibly, on the 
north. So he probably had never seen anything that could 
properly be called a mountain. At any rate, when he speaks 
of mountains or hills his words sound strange in the ears of 



THE BOOK. XV 

one who has lived among them. Thus, Mount Smai (p. 13), 
which had great beetling crags and overhanging cliffs, which 
Christian feared would fall on him, is always called a hill. 
And, on the other hand, when Christian and Hopeful are on 
the toj) of one of the Delectable Mountains, called Caution 
(p. 73), they see at the bottom some men walking among 
the tombs, and see them so plainly that they know them 
to be blind ; so evidently the mountains were not very high. 
And lest it might be thought that Banyan was only using 
the words hill and mountain interchangeably, we may 
quote farther a very strange expression, of which it is hard 
to make any meaning at all. Bunyan says of Hypocrisy 
that, on turning out of the way, his path '^ led him into a 
wide field, full of dark mountains, where he stumbled and 
fell and rose no more" (p. 27), all of which would go to 
show that Bunyan made no very great distinction between 
hills and mountains ; indeed, perhaps had no very real con- 
ception of either, but thought of them rather vaguely, just as 
one who has always lived inland has hardly a real conception 
of the expanse and power of the sea. 

But generally he had very clearly in mind the thing he 
wished to describe, which is one of the secrets of much good 
writing. In some cases even it is thought that he had in mind 
not merely the common occurrences of every day, but some 
particular things that he was especially familiar with. Thus 
Vanity Fair is thought to be drawn from the great Sturbridge 
Fair, which in Bunyan's time was held every year at Stur- 
bridge, which lies not far from Bedford, near Cambridge, to 
which came dusty-footed traders and pedlars from all over Eng- 
land, and indeed from the Continent as well.' And the House 
Beautiful, with its porter^s lodge; its great upper chamber, whose 
window opened towards the sun-rising, and its library with all 
the records of the house, and its well-provided armory, may well 
have been one of the houses of the nobility or gentry near 

1 Brown's Life (p. 270) gives an interesting account of Sturbridge Fair. 



XVI INTKODUCTION. 

Elstow, perhaps the manor house of Sir Thomas Hillersdon. 
Some people have gone a bit farther, and said that the very 
grave person in the picture in the Interpreter's house (p. 18) 
was John GifPord, the pastor of the congregation in Bedford 
to which Bunyan belonged. It may be so ; the language 
used in describing that picture is used by St. Paul in speaking 
of himself, and might be used of any apostle. It is here more 
probable, however, that Bunyan was thinking of no particular 
person, for the Interpreter says: ^^This is the only man 
whom the Lord of the place whither thou art going hath 
authorized to be thy guide in all difficult places thou may'st 
meet with in the way/' It is hardly probable Bunyan could 
have had in mind any especial man in writing such words. 
On the other hand, it is not at all improbable that in writing 
of the trial of Faithful at Vanity Fair, Bunyan was thinking 
of some of the times he had himself been brought before an 
unjust judge.' When he was first imprisoned, his indictment 
ran as follows: '^ That John Bunyan . . . hath devil- 
ishly and perniciously abstained from coming to church to 
hear divine service, and is a common upholder of several 
unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the great disturb- 
ance and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom, 
contrary to the laws of our sovereign, the King . . ." 
When we consider that Bunyan's crime was only that of going 
to the church that he thought was according to the law of 
God, we may think that this indictment was harsher than 
that of Faithful (p. 58). Perhaps the most striking differ- 
ence between the two was that Faithful had a jury to give a 
verdict, although an evil one, while Bunyan had no jury at all. 
There was, then, a great deal of real life put into this book, 

1 Macaulay says : " The iinagiuary trial does not mean that Bunyan was thinking 

of Faithful before a jury composed of per- of Jeffries, or Alice Lisle either, for the 

sonified vices, was just and merciful, com- celebrated trial of which he speaks took 

pared with the trial of Lady Alice Lisle place several years after the " Pilgrim's 

before that tribunal where all the vices sat Progress " was written. It was, however, of 

in the person of Jeffries." But Macaulay the same historic period. 



THE BOOK. XVU 

and that is one reason, probably, why the book still remains 
alive for us. And even when Bunyan is not writing of any 
particular thing or person, how lifelike he is ! Notice the dif- 
ference between the two companions of Christian, Faithful 
and Hopeful, and see how each has his especial character 
well brought out. Other good characters there are too, as 
Great-heart in the second part, the brisk young lad named 
Ignorance, and Talkative, who thinks nothing so pleasant 
nor so profitable as to talh of the things of God. These are 
not people of Bunyan's time only; they are characters of com- 
mon humanity, and it was the genius of Bunyan to discern 
them in the life about him, and to present them so surely, 
tliat we know them ourselves when we read of them. 

The AUeg-ory. — We may now turn our attention to the 
allegory. An allegory, to use the words of the book, is a 
figure of similarity ; that is, like a simile or a metaphor, an 
allegory is the expression of a resemblance. Similes are very 
common, as, for instance, ^'^Ile stood like a rock,^' or "He is 
as true as steel. '^ There you have a figurative comparison 
directly stated. Metaphors are also common ; "Now is the 
winter of our discontent made glorious summer" is a 
metaphor. In a metaphor we imply a resemblance, by speak- 
ing of one thing as if it were another. But there is another 
way still of expressing a figurative comparison. When things 
seem rather hard, and you think of the proverb " It's a long 
lane that has no turning,^^ there you have a comparison. 
When you have a good opportunity to do something at once, 
and think of the proverb "Make hay wdiile the sunshines," 
there you have a comparison. But in these comparisons the 
only part really stated is the figurative part; it is not said or 
implied that there is a likeness ; you see it for yourself. All 
proverbs are not allegories, but a good many are, as, for 
instance : 

" The early bird catches the worm," 

"A stitch in time saves nine." 



XVIU INTRODUCTION. 

'^ All is not gold that glitters/' 

"An iron hand in a velvet glove." 

"It is always the darkest before dawn.'' 

These sayings we constantly apply to the doings of daily 
life, but we do not state directly that there is any resem- 
blance. We leave it to be guessed. 

Now, some of these proverbs might be stated at greater 
length. We might tell how it rained at night, so that a few 
earthworms came out of the ground, as you may see them 
any summer morning after a rain; and how the robins had to 
sit all night under the leaves to keep out of the rain, with 
their heads under their wings; and how one of them got up 
very early and flew down out of the apple tree to the grass 
and found a great worm, and seized it in its bill and hauled 
it all out of the ground; and then how the sun came up very 
hot, so that the worms went back way down into the earth ; 
and the other robins, who had been lazy and stayed in their 
nests asleep, didn't get any worms at all, and had to eat 
woolly caterpillars instead, which are not nearly as nice as 
fat earthworms. If you told a story like that, it would be 
like a proverb, only longer; in fact, it would be what we 
should call a fable. Like the proverb, it would be a sort of 
lesson about life, but it would be expressed in the form of 
something else. There would be the comparison of people 
wn'th birds, of course, but you would leave it to be guessed. 
Such figures are very common whenever one has something 
to say about the hard things or the great things of life, for 
those things cannot easily be said plainly and outright. 

So in the Bible, the psalmist says: 

"Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth 
them that fear him,^' — and that is a simile. 

And again he says : 

"The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. He maketh 
me to lie down in green pastures. He leadeth me beside still 
waters," — and that is a metaphor. 



THE BOOK. XIX 

But when Jesns wanted to make the people feel more fully 
that God was their Father, he did not content himself with 
the short simile. He took the same idea and told a story 
about it : he told them how a certain father had two sons, 
and how one was wild and unruly, and did not care for his 
father, but went off in his own way, and wasted his money 
and came to want; and how finally he saw how wrong it all 
was, and returned to his home; and how his father saw him 
yet a great way off, and ran to him, and fell upon his neck 
and kissed him. We all know what that means, and we all 
know the power and beauty of the parable of the Prodigal 
Son. And when Jesus wanted the people to know all that 
was meant by saying that the Lord is our Shepherd, he told 
how a certain shepherd had a hundred sheep, and how one 
was lost, and how the shepherd left all the rest and went to 
look for that one, and sought and sought for it until he had 
found just that one; and how, when he found it, he called all 
his friends to come together and rejoice because of the lost 
sheep that had been brought back to the fold. 

Now, those two parables are two little allegories. They are 
stories ; but we know that the stories are not told just for 
their own sakes. We know that the really important thing 
is what the story makes us think of. The real meaning is 
not said directly as in a simile, and it is not partly said, as in 
a metaphor. It may not be said at all — the real truth — and 
yet we see that it is there; we guess at it; and just because it 
is not said outright, we prize the story the more highly 
because it is the story and the meaning, all in one. 

Such a story is the '^Pilgrim's Progress," only longer than 
proverbs, or parables, or fables. It came about, Bunyan 
tells us, in this way. He was writing something else, when 
he '^fell suddenly into an Allegory," as he says — that is, he 
thought : ^^How like a pilgrimage is the life of a Christian! 
We are all of us like pilgrims to a Celestial City,"^ and he 

* Perhaps lie had been reading the Epistle to the Hebrews, xi. 13-16. 



XX INTKODUCTION. 

thought of a number of different little things in which the 
two were alike. ^'More than twenty things ^^ he put down, 
he tells us, and no sooner had he done so than he had twenty 
more in his head. Then he thought he would put the idea 
by itself, and let it stand alone. So he told the story of the 
poor man who learned that the city he lived in was sooner or 
later to be destroyed, and himself to be brought to judgment, 
and this made him terribly afraid. And just then meeting 
with a good man who asked about his troubles, he was put 
on the road to a greater and better city than his own, a city 
that can never be destroyed, and of which the citizens live as 
freemen, without fear of a coming Judge ; in which Bunyan 
was thinking of men in this world who have not known God 
or Christ, who find themselves in a terrible case, for they 
know that this world cannot last forever, and they fear for 
what may happen to them afterward. To such a one comes 
some minister of the Gospel — the good man is called Evan- 
gelist in the story — from whom he learns of the Kingdom of 
Heaven, and how he can go and attain his part in it, and 
every part of Christian's pilgrimage is like some part of the 
experience of a Christianas life. There is the Slough of 
Despond, which means that people sometimes get involved in 
a sort of helplessness that prevents their ever getting ahead; 
and there is Vanity Fair, which means that we cannot avoid 
the temptations of unthinking, worldly ones, but must even 
sometimes undergo their persecutions. But then, too, there 
is the House Beautiful, which means that in the Church we 
have a place for quiet strengthening in our journey, and 
there are the Delectable Mountains, which mean that to- 
wards tlie end of life one has periods of happy peace, and 
sometimes even glimpses of the life beyond.^ 

Everything, then, in the story, has its meaning, or, better 
to say, means something. For the true way to look at an 
allegory is not to think of the story as one thing and the 

1 For some further explanation of the allegory as it proceeds, see the notes. 



THE BOOK. XXI 

meaning as another, but, if you can, to think of the two 
together as one thing ; rather hard, perhaps, to do, and it 
may be a seemingly foolish thing, but a necessary thing, for 
all that, in allegory or poetry. 

One thing we must avoid : we must not try to find out a 
meaning that will be perfectly consistent throughout the 
book. In the main the allegory is consistent ; nowhere is 
there any such inconsistency as seems uncouth to us. But 
some things have, as it were, a special meaning of their own, 
aside from the general allegory. Thus, Faithful is put to 
death at Vanity Fair, and Apollyon threatens Christian with 
death in the Valley of Humiliation. Each incident has its 
own meaning ; one, that some Christians have been faithful 
to their Lord even unto death; the other, that the struggle 
with Evil is sometimes, in bitterness and intensity, like an 
actual struggle for life. But in the allegory. Death is repre- 
sented by the final river. How could any one die before he 
came to the river ? There are other inconsistencies, if we 
choose to call them so, in the allegory, but we shall probably 
always find that each has a meaning of its own, even if it 
does not have its place in the general meaning. It is really 
hardly possible to think of so long a comparison as this is, 
complete in every detail. It would really be unnatural if it 
were more perfect than it is now, with here and there a 
natural difference. 

The Laiig'uag-e. — A few words must be said about the 
language of the '^Pilgrim^s Progress," both that you may 
the more readily read it and also that you may see its ex- 
cellent qualities. 

And, first, as to the mere understanding the language. There 
are two things that mai\e it rather hard to understand. One 
of them is that it is the language of two centuries and a half 
ago, and another that it is rather conversational language at 
that. But there are also two things that make it easier to 
understand : it is to a great degree the language of the Bible, 



XXll INTEODUCTION. 

and it has very little of the fashions of the learning or the 
literature of the time. Of these matters we will speak at a 
little greater length. The language of some time ago is 
always apt to he rather hard to understand. Tlie language 
which was called ^^Englisc^' a thousand years ago can 
hardly be understood at all, without study, by us to-day. 
Tiie English language of even five hundred years ago, say of 
Chaucer, is not always easy to understand. In all languages 
people are constantly giving up words and expressions, using 
words in different senses, adopting new words, and so forth, 
so that insensibly, without our thinking of it, the language 
of one century becomes something different from the language 
of the century before. 

It differs in various ways. First it differs in pronunciation, 
but that is not now a matter of importance. In the time of 
Bunyan the word tea was pronounced tay, the word clerh was 
pronounced clarh, as indeed it commonly is in England 
to-day, and there were other differences. But the pronun- 
ciation of the "Pilgrim's Progress'' is not of importance 
to us ; we pronounce the words as we are accustomed to. 
Another more important point about the language of Bunyan 
lies in the very words themselves. We find a number of 
words in the "Pilgrim's Progress" which we do not use 
to-day. For instance, ivont (p. 3) and wot (p. 13) ; haf (p. 
10) and Imply (p. 16). We do not say hroidered (p. 33), but 
embroidered ; not stounded (p. 86), but astounded. Some 
grammatical forms are different ; we do not say brast (p. 
42) any more, but only hurst ; not durst (p. 63), but dared. 
Why words should go out of fashion, as we may say, would 
take too long to explain, but that they do go out of use, 
become obsolete, is a fact which may explain some of the 
unaccustomed words that we meet in the " Pilgrim's Prog- 
ress," just as we do in any book of a good while ago. 

But such words as these — obsolete words they are called — 
are not so common as words that are still used but with 



THE BOOK. XXlll 

meanings diJfferenfc from those which Bunj^an understood. 
Thus, Bunyan used the word engine (p. 37), meaning ^* me- 
chanical contrivance ""; we use it for a particuhir contrivance 
that in Bunyan's time had not yet been invented. He used 
the word fair (p. 53) for a great market held in a given 
town at stated times, but with us there are no more such 
fairs, and we have to read books, or to travel, to know what 
sort of a place Vanity Fair may have been. So the following 
words are now used in meanings different from those set 
against them : 

Speed — success, p. 8. 

Fact—dQQdi, p. 29. 

Harmless — armor, p. 37. 

Cheapen — bargain, p. 54. 

Essay — endeavor, p. 75. 

Brave — fine, splendid, p. 8. 
These are matters a little more difiScult than words which 
themselves are strange to us. We must look out for such 
words, for these words we know in a certain meaning, but 
that will be different from the meaning Bunyan wished to 
convey by them. So we must be always on the lookout to 
see that we understand what is written. When we see cai^- 
riages (on p. 2), we must not think it means carriages to 
ride in, and so hurry on with our reading. We can see that 
that makes no sense, so we must look it up a little. 

We should find it harder to understand this book were its 
language not so like the language of the Bible. The author- 
ized version of the Bible was translated in 1611, at which 
time many of the words and uses of Bunyan, which are now 
obsolete, were current. We are familiar, for instance, with 
several of the obsolete words quoted above, because, although 
they are no longer used in every-day conversation, we have 
heard them in the Bible, or read them ourselves. So a num- 
ber of obsolete meanings in the ^'Pilgrim's Progress^' are 
familiar to us because of Biblical use. Such an expression 



XXIV INTRODUCTION. 

as some moching (p. 55)^ although we have probably never 
heard it in ordinary conversation, does not sound strange 
to us because we have heard it in the Gospel. So the ex- 
pression to gird up his loins (p. 17), although it represents 
something which is now uncommon, is easily enough under- 
stood because of the use in the Bible. 

The reason for this Biblical character of Bunyan^s language 
is twofold. First, Bunyan's time was much nearer the time 
of the translation of the Bible than is ours. There had been 
no very great change in the language between the translation 
of the Bible and the writing of the ^' Pilgrim's Progress.^' But 
another reason, and perhaps a more important one, was that 
the Puritans, as has been already said (p. viii), gave great study 
to the Bible and often used Biblical expressions, and Bunyan 
liimself, a man very thoroughly read in the Bible, expressed 
himself, especially on a religious subject, with constant remi- 
niscence of Biblical language. He often quotes texts, and 
in the original edition these texts were carefully marked in 
the margin. But even if he does not quote a text exactly, he 
often gives the substance of a text, or at least gives a word or 
two from it. 

A word or two more should be said of the language of the 
^^ Pilgrim's Progress." It is a very simple form of speech, 
which makes it perhaps harder to understand, because it is 
conversational, although it is easier, because it has no diffi- 
cult or learned expressions. When we say that it is conversa- 
tional, we mean that it uses expressions such as liad like to 
(p. 65), luould a heen (p. l^),for me (p. 8), which are nowa- 
days hardly to be met with in books. Bunyan used the com- 
mon language of his day, which is one of the reasons that 
everybody read his book; no one found it hard to understand. 
We must not go much farther than this, however ; we must 
not suppose that because Bunyan used common conversation- 
alisms he was an ignorant man. Several matters which 
seem to us wholly wrong, were in his day allowable in 



THE BOOK. XXV 

common talk. The expression you was, now a vulgarism, 
lingered in English talk for almost a hundred years after 
Bunyan. The expression /o?* to go, or for with any infinitive, 
was in Bunyan^s day not uncommon. 

The words S&raphims and ClieruUms (p. 7) have been 
spoken of as a sign of Bunyan^'s ignorance, but the first is used 
by so learned a man as Jeremy Taylor, and the second by so 
learned a man as Milton. In like manner the joining of 
''Satyrs" (p. 47) to ''Hobgoblins . . . and Dragons of the 
Pit,'' seems like a queer mix-up of ideas, but when we recol- 
lect that Bunyan took the idea from the Bible, we see that he 
knew Avhat it was that he was speaking of. 

The " Pilgrim's Progress,'' then, is made up of thoughts 
and ideas that are familiar to all, and the story is told in 
homely and familiar language. And yet everybody has read 
it and will read it for a long time to come. No other book 
written by an Englishman has been so widely read,' and 
probably none has taken such a hold of 'the memory and 
imagination of those who have read it. 

This may serve to impress upon the mind one thing about 
literature which it will be good to remember. It is not readi- 
ness, brilliancy, cleverness, that makes a book great ; it is 
not high-sounding words, nor flowery figures, nor smooth- 
flowing sentences : for here is a great book that has none of 
these things.'^ Nor is it great depth of thought, nor wide- 
ranging knowledge, nor very lofty wisdom that is necessary 
to make an appeal to one's fellowmen ; for here is a book 
that has appealed to all, which contains only the simple ideas 
of a country tinker. What is there in the book, then, that 

1 It has been translated not only into all in which I have here discoursed and could 

the civilized languages of the world, but have adorned all things more than I have 

into many wild and savage dialects. seemed to do, but I dare not. I may not 

3 Bunyan himself, in writing about one play in the relating of them, but be plain 

of his other books, says : "I could have and simple and lay down the thing as it 

stepped into a style much higher than this was." 



XXvi INTRODUCTION. 

will account for its place among all the books written in our 
tongue ? Why, for one thing the very fact that its language 
is simple, straightforward, without effort or display, merely 
meant to give the idea with the least trouble, sincere — this 
very fact is a thing pleasing to us. Smart writing has its day ; 
it amuses once or twice, and then becomes tiresome. Plain 
writing may become old-fashioned, but it is never out of date. 
It may have a scattering of forgotten words and meanings, 
but even those give a quaint and homely air that is attractive 
rather than tiresome. Still that is not all. Even the simplest 
language will not be read unless the writer really have some- 
thing to say. And in this book a plain man spoke to his 
fellows, to his brothers all the world over ; spoke of the things 
that had come to be next his heart, of the ideas that were 
more his life to him than even his eating and drinking and 
sleeping. Now, a miserable, low sort of person does not 
have such thoughts as that ; he has no thoughts at all per- 
haps ; he cares only to enjoy himself, it may be. It is only 
a high-minded man who can have such ideas. But even 
high-minded men are often led into error and deceived, so 
that the ideas to which they give their lives are really 
founded on nothing and pass away. Bunyan had the ad- 
vantage of a foundation which has stood the test of time, 
and of a guide which has, since his day, as before it, led 
millions, through deceit and error, into the clear assurance 
of truth. And because he built on this foundation, and built 
with unselfish care for the increase of others' happiness, for 
the deliverance of those who were oppressed, to make men 
feel more keenly the great truths of this life, and to so 
ennoble them that they should make the best use of it, and, in 
addition to all this, built immediately to the glory of God,' 
— wh}^ for all these reasons his work has endured, and has 
been, to those for whom it was written, more than Bunyan 
himself could have dared to imagine. 

1 These words were written by Walter Pater in his " Essay on Style." 



USEFUL BOOKS ABOUT BUXYAX. XXVll 

III. Useful Books about Buxtax. 

There are so many complete editions of the '^ Pilgrim's 
Progress " that it is hardly necessary to direct any one who 
desires to read more than we print in this edition. It may be 
had in many varying forms and in many languages. Dr. 
Brown (in the book mentioned below, pp. 453-482) gives an 
account of a number of the most interesting editions and (pp. 
489-49'2) a list of the different languages into which the book 
has been translated, seventy-foar in number. Xo one, there- 
fore, will find any difficulty in getting an edition to read. It 
will be interesting to some, perhaps, to see the form in which 
the book originally appeared. A facsimile of the edition of 
16TS has been published by Elliot Stock (London), which pre- 
serves the peculiarities of the time and shows us how the 
quaint little book looked when it first appeared in the world. 

There are a good many lives of Bunyan. The best is that 
by Dr. John Brown, ^^ minister for more than twenty years of 
the church of which Bunyan was minister " (Boston, 1888). 
It is very full and far more thorough than any other book on 
the subject. For a short account, the best thing is the article 
in the * 'Dictionary of Xational Biography,*' by CanonVenables. 
The most famous and most interesting essays on Bunyan are 
the two by Macaulay, one of which may be found in the 
"" Encyclopedia Britannica " and both in his ^* Essays." There 
are also good lives of Bunyan in the ''English Men of 
Letters Series " and in the '* Great Writers Series," by J. A. 
Froude and Canon Venables respectively. Another life worth 
mentioning is by Rev. James Copner, Vicar of Elstow, Bun- 
yan's birthplace. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS : 

IN THE 

SIMILITUDE OF A DREAM 

As I walked through the wilderness^ of this world, I 
ho'hted^ on a certain place where was a Den,^ 
and I laid me down in that place to sleep ; and 
as I slept, I dreamed a Dream. I dreamed, and behold I 
saw a Man clothed with Rags, standing in a certain place, 
with his face from'' his own house, a Book in his hand, 
and a great Burden ^ upon his back. I looked, and saw 
him open the Book, and read therein ; and as he read, he 
wept and trembled ; and not being able longer to contain,^ 
he brake out with a lamentable cry, savin o^, 

,-r-r, 1 -.1 -r -. n,, J ^ J O^ Hls OUtCrj. 

"What shall I do?" 

In this plight,'^ therefore, he Avent home, and refrained^ 
himself as long as he could, that his Wife and Children 
should not perceive his distress, but he could not be silent 
long, because that his trouble increased : wherefore at 
length he brake his mind to his Wife and Children; and 
thus he began to talk to them : O my dear Wife, said he, 

^ In this expression Bunyan thinks of the * looking away from, 

world as being like a wilderness, a wild and ^ The man in the allegory stands for the 

rugged place, hard to get along in, seem- Christian ; the rags are his efforts to be 

ingly without plan, and yet really in every worthy by his own power ; the book, as we 

way carrying out the law of its Maker. see later, is the Gospel ; the burden is the 

^ happened upon. weight of sin. 

' Bunyan is supposed to have in mind ^ to withhold his feelings. 

Bedford jail, the prison in which he was '' situation, 

writing. See p. si. ® kept away from, 



2 THE PILGRIM S PROGRESS. 

and 370U the Children of my bowels,^ I your dear friend ^ 
am in myself undone^ by reason of a Burden that lieth 
hard upon me; moreover, I am for certain in- 
formed that this our City^ will be burned with 
fire from Heaven ; in which fearful overthrow, both my- 
self, with thee my Wife, and you my sweet Babes, shall 
miserably come to ruin, except (the^ which yet I see 
not) some way of escape can be found, whereby 
way of es- wc may be delivered." At this his Relations were 
sore amazed ; not for that '^ they believed that 
what he had said to them was true, but because they thought 
that some frenzy distemper^ had got into his head ; there- 
fore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping that sleep 
might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to bed. 
But the night was as troublesome to him as the day ; 
wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs and 
tears. So, when the morning was come, they would know 
how he did ; he told them, "Worse and worse. He also set 
to talking to them again, but they began to be hardened : 
they also thought to drive away his distemper by harsh 
and surly carriages,^ to him ; sometimes they would deride, 
sometimes they would chide, and sometimes they would 
quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire himself 
to his chamber, to pray for and pity them, and also to 
condole his own misery ; he would also walk solitarily in 
the fields, sometimes reading, and sometimes praying : and 
thus for some days he spent-his time. 

1 The bowels, among Eastern nations, ^ This use of ^/i6 is of course now obsolete, 
were supposed to be the seat of the affections. « Modern syntax omits the /or, or more 

2 This word, which seems to be rather cold commonly uses because instead of "for 
here as used by a father to his wife and that." 

children, had often, in Bunyan's day, the ^ some wild craziness. 

sense of " one who loves warmly." ^ " Carriages " means the way they car- 

^ ruined. ried themselves, or behaved towards him. 

* "Our City" stands in the allegory for It is in the plural because it refers to sev- 

this world. eral people. 



EVANGELIST. 8 

]^ow, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in the 
fields, that he was, as he was wont,^ reading in his Book, 
and greatly distressed in his mind ; and as he read, he 
burst out, as he had done before, crying, " "What shall I 
do to be saved?" 

I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as if 
he would run ; yet he stood still, because, as I perceived, 
he could not tell which way to go. I looked 
then, and saw a man named 'Evangelist, coming comer to 
to him, and asked, " Wherefore dost thou cry ? " 
He answered, Sir, I perceive by the Book in my hand, 
that I am condemned to die, and after that to come to 
Judgment, and I find that I am not willing to do the first, 
nor able to do the second. 

Then said Evangelist, Why not willing to die, since this 
life is attended with so many evils ? The Man answered, 
Because I fear that this Burden that is upon my back 
will sink me lower than the Grave, and I shall fall into 
Tophet.^ And, Sir, if I be not fit to go to Prison, I am not 
fit to go to Judgment, and from thence to Execution ; and 
the thoughts of these things make me cry. 

Then said Evangelist, If this be thy condition, why 
standest thou still ? Pie answered, Because I know not 
whither to go. Then he gave him a Parchment-roll,^ and 
there was written within, Fly from the wrath to come. 

The Man therefore read it, and, looking upon Evangel- 
ist very carefully,'^ said. Whither must I fly ? Then said 
Evangelist, pointing with his finger over a very wide 
field, Do you see yonder Wicket-gate ? ^ The Man said, 

> accnetomed to do. out to him the words, " Fly from the wrath 

3 a place near Jerusalem, which came to to come." 

be a type of Hell. See Milton, " Paradise * with great care, or trouble. 

Lost," i. 404. 5 Christ calls Himself "the Door." 

3 "Parchment-roll" probably means the "Strait (or narrow) is the gate and nar- 

Old Testament, in which Evangelist points row is the way which leadeth unto life," 



4 THE PILGRIM S PROGRESS. 

No. Then said the other, Do you see yonder shining 
Light ? ^ He said, I think I do. Then said Evangehst, 
Keep that Light in your eye, and go up directly thereto : 
so shalt thou see the Gate ; at which, when thou knockest, 
it shall be told thee what thou shalt do. 

So I saw in my Dream that the Man began to run. 
Now he had not run far from his own door, but^ his Wife 
and Children, perceiving it, began to cry after him to 
„ ^ . , return ; but the Man put his fino^ers in his ears 

He begins to ' . 

^^^- and ran on, crying, " Life ! Life ! Eternal Life ! " 

So he looked not behind him, but fled toward the middle 
of the Plain. 

The Neighbors also came out to see him run ; and as he 
ran, some mocked,^ others threatened, and some cried after 
him to return. Now among those that did so, there were 
two that resolved to fetch him back by force. The name 
of the one was Obstinate, and the name of the other 
Pliable. Now by this time the Man was got a good dis- 
tance from them ; but however they were resolved to pur- 
sue him, which they did, and in a little time they 
andpifabie ovcrtook him. Then said the Man, Neighbors, 
wherefore are you come ? They said, To per- 
suade you to go back with us. But he said, That can by no 
means be. You dwell, said he, in the City of Destruction, 
the place also where I was born, I see it to be so ; and dying 
there, sooner or later, you will sink lower than the Grave, 
into a place that burns with Fire and Brimstone. Be coi-- 
tent, good Neighbors, and go along with me. 

Ohst. What, said Obstinate, and leave our Friends and 
our comforts behind us? 

Ch7\ Yes, said Christian, for that was his name, because 

1 He must follow the Word, which would 2 ;xn obsolete use ; we should write now 
be a light to his feet, and he would find before, or when, instead of "but," 
Christ. 3 scoffed at him, 



OBSTINATE AND PLIABLE. 5 

that all which you shall forsake is not worthy to be com- 
pared with a little of that that I am seeking to enjoy ; and 
if you will go along with me, you shall fare ^ as I myself ; 
for there where I go, is enough and to spare. Come away, 
and prove my words. 

01)8t. What are the things you seek, since you leave all 
the World to find them ? 

Chr. I seek an Inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and 
that fadeth not away, and it is laid up in Heaven, and 
safe there, to be bestowed, at the time appointed, on them 
that diligently seek it. Eead it so, if you will, in my Book. 

Ohst. Tush, said Obstinate, away with your Book ; will 
you go back with us or no ? 

Chr. No, not I, said the other, because I have laid my 
hand to the Plow. 

Olst. Come then, E'eighbor Pliable, let us turn again, 
and go home without him ; there is a company of these 
crazed-headed Coxcombs, that, when they take a fancy by 
the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that 
can render a reason. 

Pli. Then said Pliable, Don't revile ; if what the good 
Christian says is true, the things he looks after are better 
than ours ; my heart inclines to go with my Neighbor. 

Ohst. What ! more Fools still ? Be ruled by me, and go 
back ; who knows whither such a brain-sick fellow will 
lead you ? Go back, go back, and be wise. 

Chr. Come with me, Neighbor Pliable ; there are such 
things to be had which I spoke of, and many more Glories 
besides. If you believe not me, read here in this Book ; 
and for the truth of what is expressed therein, behold, all 
is confirmed by the blood of Him that made it. 

• get along. To fare liad originally the The verb is hardly used, except as regard- 
senee of actually getting along on the road, ing food. 



6 THE PILGHIM S PROGRESS. 

PIL Well, Neighbor Obstinate, said Pliable, I begin to 
come to a point ; I intend to go along with this good man, 
and to cast in my lot with him ; but, my good Companion, 
do you know the way to this desired place? 

Chr. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evangelist, 
to speed me to a little Gate that is before us, where we 
shall receive instructions about the way. 

Pli, Come then, good Neighbor, let us be going. 

Then they went both together. 

Ohst. And I will ffo back to my place, said 

Obstinate ^i ^. ^ T -n t. • i I ' 

goes railing Obstmatc ; I Will be no companion oi such mis- 
led, fantastical fellows. 
Talk be- Now I saw in my Dream, that when Obstinate 

Sraud^"^' ^^^^ gone back. Christian and Pliable went talk- 
piiabie. ^jjg ^^^^ |-]^Q Plain ; and thus they began their 
discourse. 

Chr. Come, ISTeighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am 
glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had even 
Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the Powers 
and Terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not thus 
hghtly have given us the back.^ 

Pli. Come, Neighbor Christian, since there are none 
but us two here, tell me now further what the things are, 
and how to be enjoyed, Avhither we are going ? 

Chr. I can better conceive of them with my Mind than 
speak of them with my Tongue : but yet, since you are 
desirous to know, I will read of them in my Book. 

Pli. And do you think that the words of your Book are 
certainly true ? 

Chr. Yes, verily ; for it was made by Him that can- 
not lie. 

Pli. Well said ; what things are they ? 

1 turned away from us. 



THE EVERLASTING KINGDOM. 7 

Clir. There is an endless Kingxlom to be inhabited, and 
everlasting Life to be given us, that we may inhabit that 
Kinofdom for ever. 

Pli. Well said : and what else ? 

Clir, There are Crowns of Glory to be given us, and 
Garments that will make us shine like the Sun in the 
firmament of Heaven. 

Pli. This is excellent ; and what else ? 

Ghr. There shall be no more crying, nor sorrow ; for He 
that is owner of the places will wipe all tears from our eyes. 

Pli. And what company shall we have there ? 

Clir. There we shall be with Seraphims^ and Cherubins, 
creatures that will dazzle your eyes to took on them : 
There also you shall meet with thousands and ten thou- 
sands that have gone before us to that place; none of 
them are hurtful, but loving and holy ; every one walking 
in the sight of God, and standing in His presence with 
acceptance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the 
Elders with their golden Crowns, there we shall see the 
Holy Yirgins with their golden Harps, there we shall see 
men that by the World were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, 
eaten of^ beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love that 
they bare to the Lord of the place, all well, and clothed 
with Immortality as with a Garment. 

PIL The hearing of this is enough to ravish " one's 
heart ; but are these things to be enjoyed ? How shall we 
get to be sharers hereof ? 

' The true Hebrew plurals of Seraph and of the Bible we have SeraiJhims and Cher- 

Cheruh are -SerapMin and Cherubim. But iibims, and these plurals may be found 

the words first came mto English through later, even in the works of learned men, 

the medium of several other languages, and like Jeremy Taylor. According to the gen- 

commonly in the forms Seraphin and eral practice of his day, Bunyan's forms 

Cherubin, of which the plurals were formed were correct enough, 

by adding an s. These are still the forms 2 by. 

in French. A knowledge of Hebrew intro- ' as we say, " I was quite carried away 

duced the ?m. In the King James version by it " ; delighted. 



b THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS. 

Chr. The Lord, the Governor of the country, hath 
recorded that in this Book ; the substance of which is. If 
we be truly wilhng to have it, he will bestow it upon us 
freely. 

Pli. "Well, my good Companion, glad am I to hear of 
these things ; come on, let us mend ^ our pace. 

Clir. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason of this 
Burden that is upon my back. 

E'ow I saw in my Dream, that just as they had ended 
this talk, they drew near to a very miry Slough,''^ 
of%Spond. that was in the midst of the plain ; and they, 
being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the 
bog. The name of the slough was Despond. Here, 
therefore, they wallowed ^ for a time, being grievously 
bedaubed with the dirt ; and Christian, because of the 
Burden that was on his back, began to sink in the mire. 

Pli. Then said Phable, Ah, ^N'eighbor Christian, where 
are you now \ 

Chr. Truly, said Christian, I do not know. 

Pli. At that Pliable began to be offended, and angrily 
said to his fellow. Is this the happiness you have told me 
all this while of ? If we have such ill speed ^ at our first 
setting out, what may we expect 'twixt this and our Jour- 
ney's end ? May I get out again with my life, jt'ou shall 
possess the brave ^ Country alone for me.^ And with that 
he gave a desperate struggle or two, and got out of the 
mire on that side of the Slough which was next to his 
own House : so away he went, and Christian saw him no 
more. 

1 improve ; let us get on a bit faster. ^ tumbled about. 

2 The slough signifies the despondency or < success : both words are commonly used 
failure of heart that sometimes comes upon of favorable events ; good speed is the com- 
one in a Christian life. Bunyan placed it at mon expression. Ill speed is like ill success. 
the beginning, before Christian has even ^ gue, splendid. 

been received at the gate. ' so far as I am concerned. 



CHEISTIAN ESCAPES FROM THE SLOUGH. 



Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough of 
Despondency alone: but still he endeavored to christian 
struggle to that side of the Slough that was still geekritiu to 
further from his own House, and next ^ to the IS^ mb^' 
Wicket-gate; the which he did, but could not «^^^ House, 
get out, because of the Burden that was upon his back. 
But I beheld in my Dream, that a Man came to him, 
whose name was Help, and asked him. What he did there ? 

Chv. Sir, said Christian, I was directed this way by a 
man called Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder 
Gate, that I might escape the wrath to come ; and as I 
was going thither, I fell in here. 

Heljp. But why did you not look for the T^^eProm- 
steps?^ '''''^■ 

Chr. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way, 
and fell in. 

Help. Give me thy hand. So he gave him his hand, 
and he drew him out, and set him upon sound ground, and 
bid him go on his way. 

Now I saw in my Dream, that by this time Pliable was 
got home to his house again. So his ISTeighbors came to 
visit him; and some of them called him Wise Man for 
coming back, and some called him Fool for hazarding 
himself with Christian : others again did mock at his cow- 
ardliness, saying, Surely since you began to venture, I 
would not have been so base to have given out for a few 
difficulties. So Pliable sat sneaking among them. But 
at last he got more confidence, and then they all turned ^ 
their tales, and began to deride poor Christian behind his 
back. And thus much concerning Pliable. 

Now as Christian was walking solitary by himself, he 

1 Next is the superhitive of nigh. salvation. " He laid help upon One mighty 

2 The steps symbolize the promises of to save." ^ changed their tone. 



10 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

espied one afar off come crossing over the field to meet 
him ; and their hap ^ was to meet just as they were cross- 
ing the way of each other. The gentleman's name that 
met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the 
Town of Carnal Policy, a very great Town, and also hard 
by from whence Christian came. This man then meeting 
with Christian, and having some inkling ^ of him, — for 
Christian's setting forth from the City of Destruction was 
much noised abroad, not only in the Town where he dwelt, 
but also it began to be the town-talk in some other places, — 
Master Worldly Wiseman therefore, having some guess of 
him, by beholding his laborious going, by observing his 
sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter into 
some talk with Christian. 

World. How now, good fellow, whither away after this 
burdened manner? 

Chr. A burdened manner indeed, as ever I think 

poor creature had. And wdiereas you ask me, 

Mr. worwfy Whither away, I tell you. Sir, I am going to 

andc^ris- youdcr Wickct-gatc before me ; for there, as I 

am informed, I shall be put into a way to be rid 

of my heavy Burden. 

World. Hast thou a Wife and Chiklren ? 

Chr. Yes, but I am so laden with this Burden, that I 
cannot take that pleasure in them as formerly ; methinks 
I am as if I had none. 

World. Wilt thou hearken to me if I give thee counsel ? 

Chr. If it be good, I will ; for I stand in need of good 
counsel. 

Wo7'ld. I would advise thee, then, that thou with all 
speed get thyself rid of thy Burden ; for thou wilt never 
be settled in thy mind till then ; nor canst thou enjoy the 

1 chance. ^ slight knowledge. 



christian's burden. 11 

benefits of the blessing which God hath bestowed upon 
thee till then. 

Clir. That is that which I seek for, even to be rid of this 
heavy Burden ; but get it off myself, I cannot ; nor is 
there any man in our country that can take it off my 
shoulders ; therefore am I going this way, as I told you, 
that I may be rid of my Burden. 

World. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy 
Burden ? 

Ghr. A man that appeared to me to be a very great 
and honorable person ; his name, as I remember, is Evan- 
gelist. 

World, I beshrew ^ him for his counsel ; there is not 
a more dangerous and troublesome way in the world than 
is that unto which he hath directed thee ; and that thou 
shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his counsel. Thou hast 
met with something (as I perceive) already ; for I see the 
dirt of the Slough of Despond is upon thee; but that 
Slouo^h is the beo^innino^ of the sorrows that do attend 
those that go on in that way. Hear me, I am older than 
thou ; thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou 
goest, Wearisomeness, Painfulness, Hunger, Perils, Naked- 
ness, Sword, Lions, Dragons, Darkness, and in a word, 
Death, and what not ! ^ These things are certainly true, 
having been confirmed by many testimonies. And why 
should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving 
heed to a stranger ? 

Chr, Why, Sir, this Burden upon my back is more terri- 
ble to me than are all these things which you have men- 
tioned ; nay, methinks I care not what I meet with in the 
way, so be ^ I can also meet with deliverance from my 
Burden. 

1 curse, execrate. 2 and every other evil. ^ jf. 



12 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

World. How earnest thou by thy Burden at first 1 

Chr. By reading this Book in my hand. 

Wo7'ld. I thought so ; and it is happened unto thee as 
to other weak men, who, meddhng with things too high 
for them, do suddenly fall into thy distractions ; ^ which 
distractions do not only unman men (as thine, I perceive, 
has done thee), but they run them upon desperate ven- 
tures, to obtain they know not what. 

Chr. I know what I would obtain ; it is ease for my 
heavy burden. 

World. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way, see- 
ing so many dangers attend it ? Especially, since (hadst 
thou but patience to hear me) I could direct thee to the 
obtaining of what thou desirest, without the dangers that 
Mr woridry ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^J ^^'^^^ ^'^^ thysclf iuto ; yea, and 
Si?Mo- ^l^e remedy is at hand. Besides, I will add, that 
th?stSfr^ instead of those dangers, thou shalt meet with 
Gate. much Safety, friendship, and content. 

Chr. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me. 

World. Why in yonder Tillage^ (the village is named 
Morality) there dwells a Gentleman whose name is Le- 
gality, a very judicious man, and a man of a very good 
name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as 
thine are from their shoulders : yea, to my knowledge he 
hath done a great deal of good this way. 

Now was Christian somewhat at a stand, but presently ^ 
he concluded, If this be true which this Gentleman hath 
said, my wisest course is to take his advice ; and with that 
he thus further spoke. 

Chr. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's house? 

1 crazy fits. We still say "distracted," fies the attempt to live amoral life accord- 
meaning not quite in the right mind. ing to the precepts of the Law only. 

2 The attempt of Christian to find Mr. ^ The word used to mean "at once," "at 
Legality, of the village of Morality, typi- the present moment." 



The terrors of sinai. 13 

World. Do you see yonder high Hill ? ' ^^^^^^ ^.^^. 

C/ir. Yes, very well. 

Wo7'ld. By that Hill you must go, and the first house 
you come at is his. 

So Christian turned out of his Avay to go to Mr. Le- 
gality's house for help ; but behold, when he was got now 
hard by^ the Hill, it seemed so high, and also that side of 
it that was next the wayside did hang so much over, that 
Christian was afraid to venture further, lest the Hill 
should fall on his head ; wherefore there he stood still, 
and he wot^ not what to do. Also his Burden now 
seemed heavier to him than while he was in his way. 
There came also flashes of fire out of the Hill, that made 
Christian afraid that he should be burned. Here there- 
fore he sweat and did quake for fear. And now he began 
to be sorry that he had taken Mr. Worldly Wiseman's 
counsel. And with that he saw Evangelist coming to 
meet him ; at the sight also of whom he began to blush for 
shame. So Evangelist drew nearer and nearer ; and com- 
ing up to him, he looked upon him with a severe and dread- 
ful countenance, and thus began to reason with Christian. 

Evan. What dost thou here, Christian ? said he : at 
which words Christian knew not what to an- 



swer ; wherefore at present ^ he stood speechless ^^''^^^^ 



Evangelist 
reasons 
afresh with. 



before him. Then said Evangelist farther. Art ^^i^^^tiau. 
not thou the man that I found crying without the walls of 
the City of Destruction? 

Chr. Yes, dear Sir, I am the man. 

Evan. Did not I direct thee the way to the little 
Wicket-gate ? 

Chr. Yes, dear Sir, said Christian. 

' The hill is Siiiai, which typifies the and Christian fears that it will destroy 
Jewish law ; it is stern and threatening, him. 2 uear, ^ knew. * now. 



14 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

Evan. How is it then that thou art so quickly turned 
aside ? For thou art now out of the way. 

Ch7\ I met with a Gentleman so soon as I had got over 
the Slough of Despond, who persuaded me that I might, in 
the village before me, find a man that could take off my 
Burden. 

Evan. What was he? 

Clir. He looked like a Gentleman, and talked much to 
me, and got me at last to yield ; so I came hither : 
but when I beheld this Hill, and how it hangs over the 
way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my 
head. 

Evan. Then, said Evangelist, stand still a little, that 
I may show thee the words of God. So he stood trem- 
bling. Then said Evangelist, See that ye refuse not him 
that speaketh ; for if they escaped not who refused him 
that spake on Earth, much more shall not we escape, if 
we turn away from him that speaketh from Heaven. He 
said moreover, " Now the just shall live by faith : but if 
Evanc^eiist ^^.7 ^^^ draws baclv, my soul shall have no 
ciiilsS pleasure in him." He also did thus apply them, 
of his error, r^^^ov. art thc mau that art running into this 
misery, thou hast begun to reject the counsel of the Most 
High, and to draw back thy foot from the way of peace, 
even almost to the hazarding^ of thy perdition.^ 

Then Christian fell down at his foot as dead, crying. 
Woe is me, for I am undone.^ At the sight of which. 
Evangelist caught him by the right hand, saying. All 
manner of sin and blasphemies shall be forgiven unto men; 
be not faithless, but believino^. Then did Clhristian ao:ain 
a little revive, and stood up trembling, as at first, before 
Evangelist. 

^ running the risk of. 2 being lost. ' ruined. 



THE WICKET GATE. 15 

CJiT. Sir, what think you ? Is there hopes ? ^ May I 
now go back and go up to the Wicket-gate % Shall I not 
be abandoned for this, and sent back from thence ashamed ? 
I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's counsel : but 
may my sin be forgiven ? 

Evan, Then said Evangelist to him, Thy sin is very 
great, for by it thou hast committed two evils : thou hast 
forsaken the Avay that is good, to tread in forbidden paths ; 
yet will the man at the Gate receive thee, for he has good- 
will for men ; only, said he, take heed that thou turn not 
aside again, lest thou perish from the way, when his wrath 
is kindled but a little. 

Then did Christian address ^ himself to go back ; and 
Evangelist, after he had kissed him, gave him one smile, 
and bid him God speed. So he went on with haste, 
neither spake he to any man by the way ; nor if any man 
asked him, would he vouchsafe^ them an answer. He 
went like one that was all the while treading on forbidden 
ground, and could by no means think himself safe, till 
again he was got into the way which he left to follow Mr. 
Worldly Wiseman's counsel. So in process of time Chris- 
tian got up to the Gate. Now over the Gate By this time, 
there was written, " Knock and it shall be S,as^gouip 
opened unto you." He knocked therefore more *» the Gate. 
than once or twice, saying. 

May I now enter here ? Will he within 
Open to sorry me, though I have been 
An undeserving Rebel ? Then shall I 
Not fail to sing his lasting praise on high. 

At last there came a grave Person to the Gate named 
Good-will, who asked Who was there? and whence he 
came ? and what he would have ? 

1 For a similar construction, now obso- ^ get ready, 

lete, see p. 17, 1. 4. 3 grant, give. 



16 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

Chr. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from the 
City of Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I 
may be delivered from the wrath to come. I would 
therefore, Sir, since I am informed that by this Gate is 
the way thither, know if you are willing to let me in. 

Good-imll. I am willing with all my heart, said he ; 
The Gate ^^^ y^\\h that lie opened the Gate, 
opened to ^^ whcu Christian was stepping in, the other 

hearted g^^® l^i"^ ^ P^ll- Then said Christian, What 

sinners. m^^ji^ that ? The other told him, A little dis- 
tance from this Gate, there is erected a strong Castle, of 
which Beelzebub ^ is the Captain ; from thence both he 
Satan envies ^^^^ ^^ley, that are with him shoot arrows at 
entl? the* those that come up to this Gate, if haply ^ they 
strait Gate. ^^^^ j|g before they can enter in. Then said 
Christian, I rejoice and tremble. So when he was got 
in, the Man of the Gate asked him. Who directed him, 
thither? 

Chr. Evangelist bid me come hither and knock (as I 
did) ; and he said that 3^ou, Sir, would tell me what I 
must do. 

Good-will. An open door is set before thee, and no man 
can shut it. 

Chr. Now I begin to reap the benefits of my hazards.^ 
Oh, what a favor is this to me, that yet I am admitted 
entrance here. 

Good-will. We make no objections against any ; not- 
withstanding all that they have done before they come 
hither, they in no wise are cast out ; and therefore, good 
Christian, come a little way with me, and I will 
comforted tcach thee about the way thou must go. Look 
^ ' before thee ; dost thou see this narrow way ? 

* called in Matt. xii. 24 " The prince of Devils." ^ by chance. ^ dangers. 



THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW WAY. 17 

That is the way thou must go ; it was cast up ^ by the 
Patriarchs, Prophets, Christ, his Apostles; and it is as 
straight as a rule can make it. This is the way thou must go. 

Chr. But said Christian, Is there no turnings nor wind- 
ings, by Avhich a Stranger may lose the way ? 

Good-will. Yes, there are many ways butt ^ down upon 
this, and they are crooked and wide : but thus thou may- 
est distinguish the right from the wrong, that only being 
straiglit and narrow. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that Christian asked him fur- 
ther if he could not help him off with his Burden that was 
upon his back ; for as yet he had not got rid thereof, nor 
could he by any means get it off without help. 

He told him. As to the Burden, be content to bear it, 
until thou comest to the place of Deliverance ; for there it 
will fall from thy back itself. 

Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to ad- 
dress ^ himself to his Journey. So the other told him, that 
by that* he was gone some distance from the Gate, he 
would come at the House of the Interpreter, at whose 
door he should knock, and he would show him excellent 
thintrs. Then Christian took his leave of his Friend, and 
he again bid him God speed. 

Then he went on till he came at the House of the Inter- 
pi-eter, ^ where he knocked over and over : at christian 
hist one came to the door, and asked Who was ff^^^^ ^^ *5;^ 

tliere ? interpreter. 

Chr. Sir, here is a Traveller, who was bid by an ac- 
quaintance of the Good-man of this house to call here for 

1 built. see that his part in the story is that of one 

2 as we should say, " strike into." who explains and makes clear to Christian 

3 apply. various of the puzzles which every one had 
* by the time that. observed in the world. Perhaps Bunyan 
5 It is hard to say just whom Bunyan meant the Holy Spirit, but the only comment 

meant by the Interpreter. But it is easy to that he gives is the note " Illumination." 
2 



18 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

ray profit; I would therefore speak with the Master of 
the House. 

So he called for the Master of the House, who after a 
little time came to Christian, and asked him what he 
would have ? 

Glir. Sir, said Christian, 1* am a man that am come from 
the City of Destruction, and am going to the Mount Zion ; 
and I was told by the Man that stands at the Gate, at the 
head of this way, that if I called here, you would show me 
excellent things, such as would be an help to me in my 
Journey. 

Inter. Then said the Interpreter, Come in, I will show 
thee that which will be profitable to thee. So he com- 
manded his man to lie-ht the Candle, and bid 

Illumination. r. i i 

Christian follow him : so he had him into a 
private room, and bid his Man open a door; the which 
when he had done, Christian saw the Picture of a very 

grave Person ^ hang up against the wall ; and 
eee"ab?ave this was the fashion of it. It had eyes lifted up 

to Heaven, the best of Books in its hand, the 
Law of Truth was written upon its lips, the World was 
behind his back. It stood as if it pleaded with men, and 
a Crown of Gold did hang over his head. E'ow, said the 

Interpreter, I have showed thee this Picture 
showed him first, bccausc the Man whose Picture this is, is 

the Picture ' ' 

first. the only man whom the Lord of the place 

whither thou art going hath authorized to be thy Guide in 
all difficult places thou mayest meet with in the way ; 
wherefore take good heed to what I have showed thee, 
and bear well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy 
Journey thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee 
right, but their way goes down to death. 

1 See Introduction, p. xvi. 



PASSION AND PATIENCE. 19 

I saw moreover in my Dream, that the Interpreter took 
him by the hand, and had him into a Httle room, where 
sat two httle Children, each one in his chair. The name 
of the eldest was Passion, and the name of the ^^ showed 
other Patience. Passion seemed to be much dis- ^^ fnl'pa- 
content ; but Patience was very quiet. Then *^®^^^- 
Christian asked, What is the reason of the discontent of 
Passion ? The Interpreter answered, The Gover- ^^^^^^^ ^^iu 
nor of them would have him stay for his best Jjo^^f/^" 
things till the beginning of the next year; but he patience is 
will have all now ; but Patience is willing to wait, ^o^" ^^^iting. 

Then I saw that one came to Passion, and brought him 
a bag of Treasure, and poured it down at his pagsionhas 
feet, the which he took up and rejoiced therein ; ^^^ *^^^^^^- 
and withal, laughed Patience to scorn. But I And quickly 
beheld but a while, and he had lavished ^ all ^^f^^'^^^ 
away, and had nothing left him but Kags. 

Ch7\ Then said Christian to the Interpreter, Expound 
this matter more fully to me. rp^^ ^^^tter 

Inter. So he said, These two Lads are Figures : expounded. 
Passion, of the Men of this World ; and Patience, of the 
Men of that which is to come; for as here thou seest, 
Passion will have all now this year, that is to say, in this 
world ; so are the men of this world : they must have all 
their good things now, they cannot stay till next year, that 
is, until the next world, for their portion of good. Ti^eworidiy 
That proverb, A Bird in the Hand is worth two ^^^jg^L 
in the Bush, is of more authority with them than °^''^- 
are all the Divine testimonies of the good of the World to 
come. But as thou sawest that he had quickly lavished 
all away, and had presently left him nothing but Kags ; 
so will it be with all such Men at the end of this World. 

1 wasted, squandered. 



20 THE pilgrim's progeess. 

CliT. Then said Christian, Now I see that Patience has 
the best wisdom, and that upon many accounts. 

Patience it/ 

had the best 1. Bccause he stavs for the best thino^s. 2. And 

wisdom. ^ ^ 

also because he will have the Glory of his, when 
the other has nothing but Rags. 

Then I saw in my Dream that the Interpreter took 
Christian by the hand, and led him into a place where 
was a Fire burning against a Wall, and one standing by 
it, always casting much Water upon it, to quench it ; yet 
did the Fire burn higher and hotter. 

Then said Christian, What means this ? 

The Interpreter answered, This Fire is the work of 
Grace that is wrought in the heart ; he that casts Water 
upon it, to extinguish and put it out, is the Devil ; but in 
that thou seest the Fire notwithstanding burn higher and 
hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that. So he had 
him about to the back side of the wall, where he saw 
a man with a Vessel of Oil in his hand, of the which he 
did also continually cast (but secretly) into the Fire. 

Then said Christian, What means this ? 

The Interpreter answered, This is Christ, who con- 
tinually, with the Oil of his Grace,^ maintains the work 
already begun in the heart: by the means of which, not- 
withstanding what the Devil can do, the souls of his 
people prove gracious still. And in that thou sawest that 
the man stood behind the Wall to maintain the Fire, this 
is to teach thee that it is hard for the tempted to see how 
this work of Grace is maintained in the soul. 

I saw also that the Interpreter took him again by the 
hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was budded 
a stately Palace, beautiful to behold ; at the sight of which 
Christian was greatly delighted : he saw also upon the top 

1 Bunyan refers here to 2 Cor. xii. 9, " My grace is sufficient for thee." 



A STOUT MAN. 21 

thereof, certain Persons walking, who were clothed all in 
gold. 

Then said Christian, May we go in thither ? 

Then the Interpreter took him, and led him up toward 
the door of the Palace ; and behold, at the door stood a 
great company of men, as desirous to go in, but durst not. 
There also sat a Man at a little distance from the door, at 
a table-side, with a Book and his Inkhorn ^ before him, to 
take the names of them that should enter therein. He saw 
also, that in the door-way stood man}^ men in armor to 
keep it, being resolved to do the men that would enter 
wdiat hurt and mischief they could. Now was Christian 
somewhat in a muse.^ At last, when every man started 
back for fear of the armed men, Christian saw a man of a 
very stout ^ countenance come up to the man that sat there 
to write, saying, '^ Set down thy name, Sir : " the which 
when he had done, he saw the man draw his Sword, and 
put an Helmet upon his head, and rush toward the door 
upon the armed men, who laid upon him with deadly 
force ; but the man, not at all discouraged, fell to cutting 
and hacking most fiercely. So after he had received and 
given many wounds to those that attempted to keep him 
out, he cut his way through them all, and pressed forward 
into the Palace, at which there w^as a pleasant voice heard 
from those that were within, even of the Three that 
walked upon the top of the Palace, saying, 

Come in, Come in ; 

Eternal Glory thou shalt win. 

So he went in, and was clothed with such Garments as 

1 a case for pens and ink. Inkhorns were doubtless made of real horns at first, but 
afterwards they were more commonly made of metal or wood. 
* in a fit of thinking. 3 resolute. 



22 THE pilgrim's progress. 

they. Then Christian smiled, and said, I think verily I 
know the meaning of this. 

Now, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay stay, said 

the Interpreter, till I have showed thee a little more, and 

after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he took him 

by the hand again, and led him into a very 

an Iron ^'^ dark room, where there sat a Man in an Iron 

Cage. ^ 

Cage. 

Now the Man, to look on, seemed very sad ; he sat with 
his eyes looking down to the ground, his hands folded 
together ; and he sighed as if he would break his heart. 
Then said Christian, What means this ? At which the 
Interpreter bid him talk with the Man. 

Then said Christian to the Man, What art thou? The 
Man answered, I am what I was not once. 

Clir. What wast thou once % 

Man. The Man said, I was once a fair and flourishing 
Professor,^ both in mine own eyes, and also in the eyes of 
others; I once was, as I thought, fair^ for the Celestial 
City, and had then even joy at the thoughts that I should 
get thither. 

Clir. Well, but what art thou now ? 

Man. I am now a man of Despair, and am shut up 
in it, as in this Iron Cage. I cannot get out ; Oh now I 
cannot. 

CliT. But how camest thou in this condition ? 

Man. I left off to watch and be sober ; I laid the reins 
upon the neck ^ of my lusts ; I sinned against the light of 
the Word and the goodness of God ; I have grieved the 
Spirit, and he is gone ; I tempted the Devil, and he is 

1 one who professes himself a Chris- ^ as a rider drops the reigns on the neck 
tian. of a horse wlien he allows him to go as he 

2 in favoring condition. desires. 



THE BURDEN FALLS. 23 

come to me ; I have provoked God to anger, and he has left 
me ; I have so hardened my heart, that I cannot repent. 

Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Ilast thou con- 
sidered all these things? 

Chr. Yes, and they put me in hope and fear. 

Inte7\ Well, keep all things so in thy mind that they 
may be as a Goad' in thy sides, to prick thee forward in 
the way thou must go. Then Christian began to gird up 
his loins, and to address himself to his Journey. Then 
said the Interpreter, The Comforter be always with thee, 
good Christian, to guide thee in the way that leads to the 
City. So Christian went on his way. 

lN"ow I saw in my Dream, that the highway up which 
Christian was to go was fenced on either side with a 
Wall, and that Wall is called Salvation. Up this way 
therefore did burdened Christian run, but not without 
great difficulty, because of the load on his back. 

He ran thus till he came at a place somewhat ascend- 
ing, and upon that place stood a Cross, and a little below 
in the bottom, a Sepulchre. So I saw in my Dream, that, 
just as Christian came up with the Cross, his 

Christian's 

Burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell burden fails 
from off his back, and began to tumble, and so 
continued to do, till it came to the mouth of the Sepulchre, 
where it fell in, and I saw it no more. 

Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said with 
a merry heart, " He hath given me rest by his sorrow, and 
life by his death." Then he stood still awhile to look and 
wonder ; for it was very surprising to him, that the sight 
of the Cross should thus ease him of his Burden. He 
looked therefore, and looked again, even till the springs 
that were in his head sent the waters down his cheeks. 

' a stick with a pointed end for driving cattle. 



24_ THE pilgeim's progkess. 

]N'ow as he stood looking and weeping, behold three Shin- • 
ing Ones came to him and saluted him with " Peace be to 
thee ; " so the first said to him, " Thy sins be forgiven : " 
the second stripped him of his Rags, and clothed him with 
change of Raiment ; the third also set a mark in his fore- 
head, and gave him a RolU with a Seal upon it, which he 
bid him look on as he ran, and that he should give it in at 
the Celestial Gate. So they went their way. Then Chris- 
tian gave three leaps for joy, and went out singing, 

Thus far did I come laden with my sin ; 
Nor could ought ease the grief that I was in 
Till I came hither : What a place is this ! 
Must here be the beginning of my bliss ? 
Must here the Burden fall from off my back ? 
Must here the strings that bound it to me crack ? 
Blessed Cross ! 'blessed Sepulchre ! blessed rather be 
The Man that there was put to shame for me. 

I saw then in my Dream that he went on thus, even 
until he came at a bottom,^ where he saw, a little out 
Simple ^^ ^^^® "^^^y? three men fast asleep, with fetters 

Presump-^ upou their heels. The name of the one was Sim- 
tion. p|g^ another Sloth, and the third Presumption. 

Christian then seeing them lie in this case,^ went to 
them, if peradventure^ he might awake them, and cried, 
You are like them that sleep on the top of a Mast, for the 
Dead Sea is under you, a Gulf that hath no bottom. 
Awake therefore and come away ; be willing also, and 
I will help you off with your Irons. He also told them, 
If he that goetli about like a roaring Lion comes by, you 
will certainly become a prey to his teeth. With that they 
looked upon him, and began to reply in this sort : Simple 

1 This roll appears to represent Christian's 2 a, bottom is a hollow, or, more correctly, 

credentials ratified by the great seal of his the low-lying valley of a river, 

king. He is to present them at the gate of ^ condition, 

the Celestial City, ^ by chance, perhaps. 



FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY. 25 

said, "I see no danger " ; Sloth said, " Yet a little more 
sleep"; and Presumption said, "Every Yat^ must stand 
upon his own bottom." And so they lay down to sleep 
again, and Christian went on his way. 

Yet Avas he troubled to think that men in that danger 
should so little esteem ^ the kindness of him that so freely 
offered to help them, both by awakening of them, coun- 
selling of them, and proffering to help them off with their 
Irons. And as he was troubled thereabout, he espied two 
Men come tumbling over the Wall, on the left hand of the 
narrow way ; and they made up apace to him. The name 
of the one was Formalist, and the name of the other 
Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up unto him, who 
thus entered with them into discourse. 

Chr. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither do 
you go ? 

Form, and Hyjp. We were born in the land of Yain- 
glory, and are going for praise to Mount Zion. 

Ckr. Why came you not in at the Gate which standeth at 
the beginning of the Way ? Know you not that it is written, 
that " He that cometh not in by the Door, but climbeth up 
some other way, the same is a Thief and a Robber ? " 

Form, and H%jp. They said, That to go to the Gate for 
entrance was by all their countrymen counted too far 
about ; and that therefore their usual way was to make a 
short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as they had done. 

CJir. But will it not be counted a Trespass Ti-,g ^hat 
against the Lord of the City whither we are J.^^'^^'Ji^^'not 
bound, thus to violate his revealed will ? ti?inkM!ar' 

Form, and Hyp. They told him. That as forthat, SeSSig'L 
he needed not to trouble his head there about ; onheS^own 
for what they did they had custom for ; We see 

1 tub. 2 cousider. 



26 



not wherein thou clifferest from us but by the Coat that is 
on tliy back, which was, as we trow,^ given thee by some 
of thy Neighbors, to liide the shame of thy nal^edness. 

Chr. As for this Coat that is on my bacl^:, it was given 

me by the Lord of tlie place whither I go ; and that, as 

you say, to cover my nakedness with. And I 

got his Lord's take it as a token of his kindness to me, for I 

back, and is had notliiuff but rao^s before. And besides, thus 

comforted ° _°^ ^ ^ ...^' 

therewith; i comtort myseli as 1 0:0 : Surely, think 1, when 

he is com- '^ ^ ^ 

forted also \ comc to the ffato of the City, the Lord thereof 

with his ^ "^ ' 

Mark and his will kuow me f or o'ood, since I have his coat on 

Roll. ^ ' 

my back ; a Coat that he gave me freely in the 
day that he stripped me of my rags. I have moreover a 
Mark in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken 
no notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate associates 
fixed there in the day that my Burden fell off my shoulders. 
I will tell you, moreover, that I had then given me a Roll 
sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go in the way ; I 
was also bid to give it in at the Celestial Gate, in token of 
my certain going in after it ; all which things I doubt you 
want,^ and want them because you came not in at the Gate. 
To these things they gave him no answer ; only they 
looked upon each other and laughed. Then I saw that 
they went on all, save that Christian kept before, who 
had no more talk but with himself, and that sometimes 
sighingly, and sometimes comfortably ; ^ also he would be 
often reading in the Roll that one of the Shining Ones 
gave him, by which he was refreshed. 

I beheld then, that they all went on till they came to 

the foot of an Hill, at the bottom of which was 
the Hill a Spring. There was also in the same place two 

other ways besides that which came straight 

1 believe. 2 ghould have, and have not. ^ cheerfully. 



THE HILL DIFFICULTY. 27 

from the Gate ; one turned to the left hand, and the other 
to the right, at the bottom of the Hill ; but the narrow 
way lay right up the Hill, and the name of the going up 
the side of the Hill, is called Difficulty. Christian now 
went to the Spring, and drank thereof to refresh himself, 
and then began to go up the Hill. 

The other two also came to the foot of the Hill ; but 
when they saw that the Hill was steep and high, and that 
there was two other ways to go, and supposing also that 
these two ways might meet again with that up which 
Christian went, on the other side of the Hill, therefore they 
were resolved to go in those ways. J^ow the name of one 
of those ways was Danger, and the name of the r^j^g danger 
other was Destruction. So the one took the way out "fthl 
which is called Danger, which led him into a ^^^• 
great Wood ; and the other took directly up the way to 
Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of dark 
Mountains,^ where he stumbled and fell, and rose no 
more. 

I looked then after Christian to see him go up the Hill, 
where I perceived he fell from running to going,^ and from 
going to clambering upon his hands and his knees, because 
of the steepness of the place. Now about the mid-way to 
the top of the Hill was a pleasant Arbor, made by the 
Lord of the Hill for the refreshing of weary travellers ; 
thither therefore Christian got, where also he sat down to 
rest him. Then he pulled his Eoll out of his bosom, and 
read therein to his comfort ; he also now began afresh to 
take a review of the Coat or Garment that was given him 
as he stood by the Cross. Thus pleasing himself awhile, 

1 Bunyan seems sometimes to use the word cannot be very high, for the pilgrims could 
mmmtain even for small hills ; here, for in- see that certain men at the bottom were 
stance, and on p. 73, Mount Caution, which blind. ^ walking. 



28 THE pilgrim's progress. 

he at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, 

which detained him in that place until it was almost 

night; and in his sleep his Roll fell out of his hand. Now 

as he was sleepino^, there came one to him and 

He that 

sleeps is a awakcd him, saying, "Go to the Ant, thou 

sluggard ; consider her ways, and be wise." And 

with that Christian suddenly started up, and sped him on 

his way, and went apace till he came to the top of the Hill. 

E"ow when he was got up to the top of the Hill, there 
came two men running against him amain ; ^ the name of 
the one was Timorous, and the name of the other, Mistrust ; 
to whom Christian said. Sirs, what's the matter you run 
the wrong way ? Timorous answered, That they were 
going to the City of Zion, and had got up that difficult 
place ; but, said he, the further we go, the more danger 
we meet with ; wherefore we turned, and are going back 
again. 

Yes, said Mistrust, for just before us lie a couple of 
Lions in the way, (whether sleeping or waking we know 
not,) and we could not think, if we came within reach, but 
they would presently pull us in pieces. 

Chr. Then said Christian, You make me afraid, but 
whither shall I fly to be safe ? If I go back to mine own 
Country, that is prepared for Fire and Brimstone, and I 
shall certainly perish there. If I can get to the Celestial 
City, I am sure to be in safety there. I must venture : 
to go back is nothing but death ; to go forward is fear of 
death, and life everlasting beyond it. I will yet go for- 
ward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the Hill, and 
Christian went on his way. But thinking again of what 
he heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his Roll, 
that he might read therein and be comforted ; but he felt, 

1 with speed, hastily. 



THE LOST ROLL. 29 

and found it not. Then was Christian in great distress, 
and knew not what to do; for he wanted that which used 
to reheve him, and that which shoukl have been his Pass 
into the Celestial City. Here therefore he began to be 
much perplexed, and knew not what to do. At last he 
bethought himself that he had slept in the Arbor that is 
on the side of the Hill ; and falling down upon his knees, 
he asked God's forgiveness for that his foolish Fact,^ and 
then went back to look for his Roll. But all the way he 
went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of 
Christian's heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he 
wept, and oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish 
to fall asleep in that place, which was erected only for a 
little refreshment for his weariness. Thus therefore he 
went back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all 
the way as he went, if haply he might find his Roll, that 
had been his comfort so many times in his Journey. He 
went thus till he came again within sight of the Arbor 
where he had sat and slept ; but that sight renewed his 
sorrow the more, by bringing again, even afresh, his evil 
of sleeping into his mind. 

Now by this time he was come to the Arbor again, 
where for a while he sat down and wept ; but at last, as 
Christian would have it, looking sorrowfully down under 
the Settle,^ there he espied his Roll ; the which he with 
trembling and haste catch't up, and put it into his bosom. 
But who can tell how joyful this man was when he had 
gotten his Roll again ! for this Roll was the assurance of 
his life and acceptance at the desired Haven. Therefore 
he laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to God for direct- 
ing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and 
tears betook himself again to his Journey. But oh how 

1 deed. 2 a woodeu bench with arms and a high back. 



30 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

nimbly now did he go up the rest of the Hill ! Yet before 
he got up, the Sun went down upon Christian ; and this 
made him again recall the vanity ^ of liis sleeping to his 
remembrance ; and thus he again began to condole with 
himself. " Ah thou sinful sleep : how for thy sake am I 
like to be benighted in my Journey ! I must walk with- 
out the Sun, darkness must cover the path of my feet, and 
I must hear the noise of doleful Creatures, because of my 
sinful sleep." Now also he remembered the story that 
Mistrust and Timorous told him of, how they were frighted 
with the sight of the Lions. Then said Christian to him- 
self again, These beasts range in the night for their prey ; 
and if they should meet with me in the dark, how should 
I shift ^ them ? How should I escape being by them torn 
in pieces ? Thus he went on his way. But while he was 
thus bewailing his unhappy miscarriage,^ he lifted up his 
eyes, and behold there was a very stately Palace before 
him, the name of which was Beautiful,^ and it stood just 
by the High- way side. 

So I saw in my Dream that he made haste and went 
forward, that if possible he might get Lodging there. 
Now before he had gone far, he entered into a very nar- 
row passage, which was about a furlong off of the Porter's 
lodge ; and looking very narrowly before him as he went, 
he espied two Lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see 
the dangers that Mistrust and Timorous were driven back 
by. (The Lions were chained, but he saw not the chains.) 
Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go back 

1 empty uselessness. adventures is the relation of experience by 

2 give them tlie slip. the convert before admission to tlie Lord's 
'^ misconduct. Supper, The Porter, Watchful, and the 
* The Ilouse Beautiful stands for the Damsels, Discretion, Piety, Prudence, and 

Church, into which Christian is received as Charity, indicate some of the necessary qual- 
into a family. Christian's account of his ities of the body of Christians. 



THE PORTER WATCHFUL. 31 

ifter them, for he thought nothing but death was before 
lim : But the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watch- 
ful, perceiving that Christian made a halt as if he would 
yo back, cried unto him, saying, Is thy strength so small? 
Fear not the Lions, for they are chained, and are placed 
:here for trial of faith where it is, and for discovery of 
:hose that have none. Keep in the midst of the Path, and 
lo hurt shall come unto thee. 

Then I saw that he went on, trembling for fear of the 
Lions, but taking good heed to the directions of the Porter ; 
le heard them roar, but they did him no harm. Then he 
flapped his hands, and went on till he came and stood be- 
fore the Gate where the Porter was. Then said Christian 
;o the Porter, Sir, what House is this ? and may I lodge 
lere to-night? The Porter answered, This House was 
3uilt by the Lord of the Hill, and he built it for the relief 
md security of Pilgrims. The Porter also asked whence 
le was, and whither he Avas going ? 

Chr. I am come from the City of Destruction, and am 
^oing to Mount Zion ; but because the Sun is now set, I 
lesire, if I may, to lodge here to-night. 

Par. What is your name ? 

Chr. My name is now Christian. 

Por. But how doth it happen that you come so late ? 
rhe Sun is set. 

Chr. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched man 
:hat I am ! I slept in the Arbor that stands on the Hill- 
jide ; nay, I had notwithstanding that been here much 
jooner, but that in my sleep I lost my Evidence, and came 
ivithout it to the brow of the Hill ; and then feeling for it, 
md finding it not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go 
Dack to the place where I slept my sleep, where I found 
it, and noAv I am come. 



32 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

Pot. Well, I will call out one of the Yirgins of this 
place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring 3^ou in to the 
rest of the Family, according to the rules of the house. So 
Watchful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound of which 
came out at the door of the house, a grave and beautiful 
Damsel named Discretion, and asked why she was called. 

The Porter answered. This man is in a Journey from 
the City of Destruction to Mount Zion, but being weary 
and benighted, he asked me if he might lodge here 
to-night ; so I told him I would call for thee, who, after 
discourse had with him, mayest do as seemeth thee good, 
even according to the Law of the House. 

Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he was 
going ; and he told her. She asked him also, how he got 
into the way ; and he told her. Then she asked him, what 
he had seen and met with in the way; and he told her. 
And last she asked his name ; so he said. It is Christian ; 
and I have so much the more a desire to lodge here to- 
night, because, by what I perceive, this place was built by 
the Lord of the Hill, for the relief and security of Pil- 
grims. So she smiled, but the water stood in her eyes ; 
and after a little pause, she said, I will call forth two or 
three more of the family. So she ran to the door, and 
called out Prudence, Piety, and Charity, who after a little 
more discourse with him, had him in to the Family ; and 
many of them, meeting him at the threshold of the house, 
said, Come in, thou blessed of the Lord ; this house was 
built by the Lord of the Hill, on purpose to entertain such 
Pilgrims in. Then he bowed his head, and followed them 
into the house. So when he was come in and set down, 
they gave him something to drink, and consented^ to- 
gether, that until supper was ready, some of them should 



PIETY AND PRUDENCE. 33 

have some particular discourse with Christian, for the best 
improvement of time ; and the}^ appointed Piety and Pru- 
dence and Charity to discourse witli him ; and thus they 
began : 

Piety. Come, good Christian, since we have been so 
loving to you, to receive you into our house this night, let 
us, if perhaps we may better ourselves thereby, talk with 
you of all things that have happened to you in your Pil- 
grimage. What saw you in the way ? 

Ch7\ I saw one, as I thought in my mind, hang bleed- 
ing upon the Tree ; and the very sight of him made my 
Burden fall off my back (for I groaned under a weary 
Burden), but then it fell down from off me. 'Twas a 
strange thing to me, for I never saw such a thing before ; 
yea, and while I stood looking up (for then I could not 
forbear looking) three Shining Ones came to me. One of 
them testified that my sins were forgiven me ; another 
stripped me of my Pags, and gave me this broidred^ Coat 
which you see ; and the third set the Mark which you see, 
in my forehead, and gave me this sealed Poll : and with 
that he plucked it out of his bosom. 

Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few ques- 
tions, and desired his answer to them. 

Pined. Do you not think sometimes of the Country 
from whence you came ? 

Chr. Yes, but with much shame and detestation : Truly 
if I had been mindful of that Country from Qhristian's 
whence I came out, I might have had oppor- }|Js'Jfadve^ 
tunity to have returned ; but now I desire a bet- ^^o^^'^t^y- 
ter Countr\^, that is, an Heavenly. . 

Prucl. And what is it that makes you so desirous to go 
to Mount Zion ? 

1 embroidered. 

3 



34 THE pilgrim's progress. 

Chr. Why, there I hope to see him alive that did hang 
dead on the Cross ; and there I hope to be rid of all those 
Why Chris- ^hings that to this day are in me an annoyance to 
li^'irMonnt ^^5 there, they say, there is no death; and 
zion. there I shall dwell with such Company as I like 

best. For to tell you truth, I love him, because I was by 
him eased of my Burden, and I am weary of my inward 
sickness ; I would fain be where I shall die no more, and 
with the Company that shall continually cry, Holy, Holy, 
Holy. 

Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a family? 
Are you a married man ? 
^^ ., Chr. I have a Wife and four small Children 

Chanty 

wf&him^ 67^(2?^ And why did you not bring them along 

with you % 
Chr. Then Christian wept, and said, Oh how willingly 
Christian's would I havc douc it, but they were all of 
wife^and them utterly averse to my going on Pilgrimage. 
Children. Qj^^^^^ g^^ ^^^ should havo talked to them, 

and have endeavored to have shown them the danger of 
staying behind. 

Chr. So I did, and told them also what God had showed 
to me of the destruction of our City ; but I seemed to 
them as one that mocked, and they believed me not. 

Char. And did you pray to God that he would bless 
your counsel to them ? 

Chr. Yes, and that with much affection ; for you must 
think that my Wife and poor Children were very dear 
unto me. 

Char. But did you tell them of your own sorrow, and 
fear of destruction ? For I suppose that destruction was 
visible enough to you. 

Chr. Yes, over, and over, and over. They might also 



DISCOUKSE WITH CHARITY. 35 

see my fears in my countenance, in my tears, and also in 
my trembling under the apprehension of the Judgment 
that did hang over our heads ; but all was not sufficient to 
prevail with them to come with me. 

Char. But what could they say for themselves, why 
they came not ? 

Chr. Wh}^, my Wife was afraid of losing this World, 
and my Children were given to the foolish De- T^^e cause 
lights of youth : so what by one thing, and ^^fe^and 
what by another,^ they left me to wander in notgo^v?i?h*^ 
this manner alone. ^"™- 

Cha7\ But did you not with your vain life, damp all 
that you by words used by way of persuasion to bring 
them away with you ? 

Chr. Indeed I cannot commend my life ; for I am con- 
scious to myself of many failings therein : I know also, 
that a man by his conversation^ may soon overthrow, what 
by argument or persuasion he doth labor to fasten upon 
others for their good. 

E'ow I saw in my Dream, that thus they sat talking 
together until supper was ready. So when they had made 
read}^, they sat down to meat. ]^ow the Table 
was furnished with fat things, and with Wine tianhadto 
that was well refined : and all their talk at the 
Table was about the Lord of the Hill ; as namely, about 
what He had done, and wherefore He did what Tj^eir talk at 
He did, and why He had builded tliat House : ^ppe^-time. 
and by what they said, I perceived that he had been a 
great Warrior, and had fought with and slain him that 
had the power of Death, but not without great danger to 
himself, which made me love him the more. 

For, as they said, and as I believe (said Christian) he 

^ The modern idiom is, ' ' wliat with one thing and another." 2 general behavior. 



36 THE pilgrim's progress. 

did it with the loss of much blood ; but that which put 
Glory of Grace into all he did, Avas, that he did it out of 
pure love to his Country. And besides, there were some 
of the Household that said they had seen and spoken with 
him since he did die on the Cross ; and they have attested 
that they had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover 
of poor Pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the 
East to the West. 

They moreover gave an instance of what they affirmed, 
and that was. He had stripped himself of his glory, that 
he might do this for the Poor ; and that they heard him 
say and affirm, That he would not dwell in the Mountain 
of Zion alone. They said moreover, that he had made 
many Pilgrims Princes, though by nature they were Beg- 
gars born, and their original ^ had been the Dunghill. 

Thus they discoursed together till late at night ; and 
after they had committed themselves to their Lord for 
protection, they betook themselves to rest. The Pilgrim 
they laid in a large upper chamber, whose win- 
Bed-cham-^ dow opcucd towards the Sun-rising ; the name 
of the chamber was Peace, where he slept till 
break of day ; and then he awoke and sang. 

Where am I now ? Is this the loA^e and care 
Of Jesus for the men that Pilgrims are 
Thus to provide ! That I should be forgiven ! 
And dwell already the next door to Heaven ! 

So in the morning they all got up, and after some more 
discourse, they told him that he should not depart till 
they had showed him the Parities of that place. 

They read to him some of the worthy Acts that some of 
the Lord's Servants had done : as, how they had subdued 

I their origin ; the place whence they had come. 



THE ARMORY. 37 

Kingdoms, wrought Eighteousness, obtained Promises, 
stopped the mouths of Lions, quenched the violence of 
Fire, escaped the edge of the Sword, out of weakness 
were made strong, waxed vahant in fight, and turned to 
flight the Armies of the Ahens. 

The next day they took him and had him into the 
Armory, where they showed him all manner of 
Furniture,^ which their Lord had provided for had into the 
Pilgrims, as Sword, Shield, Helmet, Breastplate, 
All-prayer, and Shoes that would not wear out. And 
there was here enough of this to harness ^ out as many men 
for the service of their Lord as there be Stars in the 
Heaven for multitude. 

They also showed him some of the Engines^ with which 
some of his Servants had done wonderful things, d^ristian is 
They showed him Moses' Eod ; the Hammer and J^jJcient ^^^ 
I^ail with which Jael slew Sisera ; the Pitchers, *^"^g^- 
Trumpets and Lamps too, with which Gideon put to 
flight the Armies of JVIidian. Then they showed him the 
Ox's goad wherewith Shamger slew six hundred men. 
They showed him also the Jaw-bone with which Samson 
did such mighty feats. They showed him moreover the 
Sling and Stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath; 
and the Sword also Avith which their Lord will kill the 
Man of Sin, in the day that he shall rise up to the prey. 
They showed him besides many excellent things, with 

1 We usually thinlv of laousehold furniture, tion of peace." The text continues, " with 

but the word means anything used for fitting all prayer and supplication praying at all 

out, equipment. seasons in the Spirit.'" Here, therefore, and 

a The word was commonly used for armor, later Cp. 45) Bunyau speaks of " All-prayer " 

The " whole armor of God," mentioned in as a weapon. 

Ephesians, vi. 13-18, consisted of the "sword ^ any kind of mechanical implement. If 

of the spirit," the "shield of faith," the the pupil does not remember the "engines," 

"helmet of salvation," the " breastplate of he should consult Exodus, vii. 9 ; Judges, 

righteousness," and shoes of " the prepara- iv. 21, vii.20, iii. 31, xv. 15; 1 Samuel, xvii. 48. 



38 THE pilgrim's progeess. 

which Christian was much delighted. This done, they 
went to their rest again. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that on the morrqw he got 
up to go forwards, but they desired him to stay till the 
next day also ; and then, said they, we will (if the day be 
Christian G\esi>v) show you the Delectable Mountains, 
Sdertabil^ which, they said, would yet further add to his 
Mountains, comfort, bccausc they were nearer the desired 
Haven than the place where at present he was. So he con- 
sented and staid. 

When the morning was up, they had him to the top of the 
House, and bid him look South ; so he did : and behold at a 
great distance he saw a most pleasant Mountainous Coun- 
try, beautified with Woods, Vineyards, Fruits of all sorts, 
Flowers also. Springs and Fountains, very delectable to 
behold. Then he asked the name of the Country. They 
said it was Immanuel's Land ; and it is as common,^ said 
they, as this Hill is, to and for all the Pilgrims. And 
when thou comest there, from thence, said they, thou 
may'st see to the gate of the Celestial City, as the Shep- 
herds that live there will make appear. 

Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and they 
Christian wcrc willing he should : but first, said they, let 
sets forward, ^g g^ again iuto the Armory. So they did ; and 
when they came there, they harnessed him from head to 
foot with what was of proof,^ lest perhaps he should meet 
with assaults in the way. He being therefore thus accou- 
tred,^ walketh out Avith his friends to the Gate, and there 
he asked the Porter if he saw any Pilgrims pass by. Then 
the Porter answered. Yes. 

Chr. Pray, did you know him ? 

1 open to all. been tried and tested, and proved to be 

'"Armor of proof" is armor that has good. ^ eq^^ppecl in military 



APOLLYON. 39 

Pot. I asked his name, and he told me it was Faithful. 

Ch\ O, said Christian, I know him ; he is my Towns- 
man, my near I^eighbor, he comes from the place where I 
was born. How far do you think he may be before? 

Por. He has got by this time below the Hill. 

Ch\ "Well, said Christian, good Porter, the Lord be with 
thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase, for the 
kindness that thou hast showed to me. 

Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, Piety, 
Charity, and Prudence, w^ould accompany him down to 
the foot of the Hill. So they went on together, reiterat- 
ing ^ their former discourses, till they came to go down the 
Hill. Then said Christian, As it was difficult coming up, 
so (so far as I can see) it is dangerous going down. Yes, 
said Prudence^ so it is, for it is an hard matter for a man 
to go down into the Yalley of Humiliation, as thou art 
now, and to catch no slip by the way ; therefore, said they, 
are we come out to accompany thee down the Hill. So 
he began to go down, but very wearily ; yet he caught a 
slip or two. 

Then I saw in my Dream that these good Companions, 
w^hen Christian was gone down to the bottom of the Hill, 
gave him a loaf of Bread, a bottle of Wine, and a cluster 
of Raisins ; and then he went on his way. 

But now, in this Yalley of Humiliation, poor Christian 
was hard put up to it ; for he had gone but a little way, 
before he espied a foul Fiend coming over the field to meet 
him ; his name is Apollyon. Then did Christian begin to 
be afraid, and to cast in his mind ^ whether to go back or 
to stand his o^round. But he considered ao^ain that he had 
no Armor for his back, and therefore thought that to turn 
the back to him might give him greater advantage with 

1 going over again. 2 consider. 



40 



ease to pierce him with his Darts. Therefore he resolved 
Christian's ^^ Venture and stand his ground. For, thought 
thrapproach ^®? ^^^ ^ ^^^ uioro in mine eye than the saving of 
of Apoiiyon. ^y ^^^^ 't wouM be the best way to stand. 

So he went on, and Apoiiyon met him. Now the Mon- 
ster was hideous to behold ; he was clothed with scales 
like a Fish (and they are his pride) ; ^ he had wings like a 
Dragon, and out of his belly came Fire and Smoke and his 
mouth was as the mouth of a Lion. When he was come 
up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful counte- 
nance, and thus began to question with him. 

Apol. Whence come you ? and whither are you bound ? 

Chr. I come from the City of Destruction, which is the 
place of all evil, and am going to the City of Zion. 

ApoL By this I perceive thou art one of my Subjects, 
for all that Country is mine, and I am the Prince 



Discourse -i /-^ t n • tt • • i ^ 

betwixt and God oi it. How is it then that thou hast 

Christian . 

andApoi- run away from thy King? Were it not that I 
hope thou may'st do me more service, I would 
strike thee now at one blow to the ground. 

Ohr. But I have let^ myself to another, even to the 
King of Princes, and how can I with fairness go back with 
thee? I have given him ray faith, and sworn my Alle- 
giance to him ; how then can I go back from this, and not 
be hanged as a Traitor ? 

Apol. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy service 
to him, and how dost thou think to receive wages of him ? 

Ohr. Wherein, O Apoiiyon, have I been unfaithful to 
him? 

Apol. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when thou 
wast almost choked in the Gulf of Despond ; thou diddest 

^ Bunyan is thinking of the description of ^ hired ; the word is used now only for 
Leviathan in Job, xli. 15 ; of. also 19, 20. things. 



BATTLE WITH APOLLYON. 41 

attempt wrong ways^ to be rid of thy Burden, whereas 
thou shouldest have stayed till thy Prince had taken it off ; 
thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy choice thing ; thou 
wast also almost persuaded to go back, at the sight of the 
Lions ; and when thou talkest of thy Journey, and of 
what thou hast heard and seen, thou art inwardly desirous 
of vainglory in all that thou say est or doest. 

Chr. All this is true, and much more which thou hast 
left out ; but the Prince whom I serve and honor is merci- 
ful, and ready to forgive. 

Ajjol. Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, 
saying, I am an enemy to this Prince; I hate Apollyon in 
his Person, Laws, and People; I am come out upof ^"""^ 
on purpose to withstand thee. christian. 

Chr. Apollyon, beware what you do, for I am in the 
King's Highway, the way of Holiness, therefore take heed 
to yourself. 

A^ol. Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole 
breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this 
matter, prepare thyself to die ; for I swear thou shalt go 
no further ; here will I spill thy soul. And with that he 
threw a flaming Dart at his breast, but Christian had a 
Shield in his hand, with which he caught it, and so pre- 
vented the danger of that. 

Then did Christian draw,^ for he saw 'twas time to 
bestir him : and Apollyon as fast made at him, throwing 
Darts as thick as Hail ; by the which, notwithstanding all 
that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon wounded 
him in his head, his hand, and foot. This made Christian 
give a little back ; Apollyon therefore followed his work 
amain, and Christian again took courage, and resisted as 
manfully as he could. This sore combat lasted for above 

1 wrongly. "^ liis sword. 



42 THE PILGEIM'S PROGRESS. 

half a day, even till Christian was almost quite ^ spent. 
For you must know that Christian, by reason of his 
wounds, must needs grow weaker and weaker. 

Then Apollyon espying his opportunity, began to gather 

up close to Christian, and wrestling with him, gave him a 

dreadful fall; and with that Christian's Sword 

casteth flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I 

down to the pi i • i i i i -i 

ground the am sure 01 thee now: and with that he had 

Christian. in- t i i /--nt • • 

almost pressed him to death, so that Christian 
began to despair of life. But as God would have it, while 
Apollyon was fetching of his last blow, thereby to make 
a full end of this good Man, Christian nimbly reached out 
his hand for his Sword, and caught it, saying, " Eejoice 
not against me, O mine Enemy ! when I fall I shall 
arise ; " and with that gave him a deadly thrust, which 
made him give back, as one that had received his mortal 

wound : Christian perceiving that, made at him 
victory^ovlr again, saying, " ^ay, in all these things we are 
po yo^- xnore than Conquerors." And with that Apol- 
lyon spread forth his Dragon's wings, and sped him away, 
that Christian for a season saw him no more. 

In this Combat no man can imagine, unless he had seen 
and heard as I did, what j^elling and hideous roaring 
Apollyon made all the time of the fight; he spake like 
a Dragon : and on the other side, what sighs and groans 
brast^ from Christian's heart. I never saw him all the 
while give so much as one pleasant look, till he perceived 
he had wounded Apollyon with his two-edged Sword ; 
then indeed he did smile, and look upward ; but 'twas the 
dreadf ullest ^ sight that ever I saw. 

1 entirely. lar used to be harst., and often hmst, as 

2 burst. The plural of the preterite has here. 

in English always had the ?<, but the singu- ^ gucli superlatives were formerly common. 



EEFRESHMENT AFTER BATTLE. 43 

So when the Battle was over, Christian said, I will 
here give thanks to him that hath delivered ^^h^igti^n 
me out of the mouth of the Lion, to him that did S^.s^f^'o'^r 
help me against Apollyon. deliverance. 

Then there came to him an hand, with some of the 
leaves of the Tree of Life, the which Christian took, and 
applied to the wounds that he had received in the Battle, 
and was healed immediately. He also sat down in that 
place to eat Bread, and to drink of the Bottle that was 
given him a little before ; so being refreshed, he addressed 
himself to his Journey, with his Sword drawn 
in his hand ; for he said, I know not but some goes on his 
other Enemy may be at hand. But he met with with his 
no other affront from Apollyon quite throu^-h drawn in 

his hand. 

this V alley. 

Kow at the end of this Yalley was another, called the 
Yalley of the Shadow of Death, and Christian must needs 
go through it, because the way to the Celestial City lay 
through the midst of it. Now, this Yalley is a very soli- 
tary place. The Prophet Jeremiah thus describes it : ''A 
Wilderness, a land of Deserts and of Pits, a land of 
drought, and of the Shadow of Death, a land that no man 
(but a Christian) passed through, and where no man 
dwelt." 

]^ow here Christian was worse put to it than in his fight 
with Apollyon, as by the sequel^ you shall see. 

I saw then in my Dream, that when Christian was got 
to the borders of the Shadow of Death, there met him two 
men, Children of them that brought up an evil report 
of the good Land, making haste to go back ; to whom 
Christian spake as follows. 

Ch7\ Whither are you going ? 

' that which follows. 



44 THE pilgrim's progress. 

Me7i. They said, Back, back; and we wouki have you 
to do so too, if either Hfe or ^^eace is prized by you. 

Chr. Why, what's the matter? said Christian. 

Men. Matter ! said the}^ ; we are going that way as you 
are going, and went as far as we durst ; and indeed we were 
ahuost past coming back; for had we gone a httle further, 
we had not been here to bring the news to thee. 

Chr. But what have you met with ? said Cliristian. 

Men. "Why we were ahnost in the Yalley of the Shadow 
of Death ; but that by good hap we looked before us, and 
saw the danger before we came to it. 

CJir. But what have you seen ? said Christian. 

Men. Seen ! Why, the Yalley itself, which is as dark as 
pitch ; we also saw there the Hobgoblins,^ Satyrs,^ and 
Dragons of the Pit ; we heard also in that Yalley a con- 
tinual howling and yelling, as of a people under unutter- 
able misery, who there sat bound in affliction and irons ; 
and over that Yalley hangs the discouraging clouds of 
Confusion ; Death also doth always spread his wings over 
it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, being utterly 
without Order. 

Chr. Then said Christian, I perceive not yet, by what 
you have said, but that this is my way to the desired Haven. 

Men. Be it thy way ; we will not choose it for ours. 

So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still 
with his Sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should 
be assaulted. 

I saw then in my Dream, so far as tliis Yalley reached, 
there was on the right hand a very deep Ditch ; that Ditch 

» Hob is an old English word for sprite or knew little or nothing of Latin, was think- 

elf. "Hobgoblin " came to be a term for any ing of Isaiah, xiii. 21: "and their houses shall 

alarming apparition. be full of doleful creatures ; and owls shall 

' A satyr was a wood creature of the old dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there" ; 

Roman mythology. Bunyan, however, who or perhaps of a similar passage, sxsiv. 14. 



THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 45 

is it into which the blind have led the blind in all ages, 
and have both there miserably perished. Again, behold 
on the left hand there was a very dangerous Quag,^ into 
which, if even a good Man falls, he can find no bottom for 
his foot to stand on. Into that Quag King David once 
did fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not 
he that is able plucked him out. 

The path-way was here also exceeding narrow, and there- 
fore good Christian was the more put to it ; for when he 
sought in the dark to shun the ditch on the one hand, 
he was ready to tip over into the mire on the other ; also 
when he sought to escape the mire, without great careful- 
ness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he 
went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly ; for, besides 
the dangers mentioned above, the path- way was here so 
dark, that ofttimes, when he lifted up his foot to set for- 
ward, he knew not where, or upon what he should set it 
next. 

About the midst of this Yalley, I perceived the mouth 
of Hell to be, and it stood also hard by the wayside. 'Now 
thought Christian, what shall I do ? And ever and anon 
the flame and smoke would come out in such abundance, 
with sparks and hideous noises (things that cared not for 
Christian's Sword, as did Apollyon before), that he was 
forced to put up his Sword, and betake himself to another 
weapon, called All-prayer.^ So he cried in my hearing, 
"O Lord, I beseech thee deliver my Soul." Thus he 
went on a great while, yet still the flames would be reach- 
ing' towards him : Also he heard doleful voices, and rush- 
ings to and fro, so that sometimes he thought he should be 
torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire in the Streets. 

1 quagmire ; a marshy elough. given Christian at the House Beautiful 

2 This weapon is mentioned among those (p. 37). 



46 THE pilgeim's progress. 

This frightful sight was seen, and these dreadful noises 
were heard by him for several miles together ; and coming 
to a place where he thought he heard a company of 
Fiends coming forward to meet him, he stopped, and 
Christian began to muse what he had best to do. Some- 
?taVd but times he had half a thought to go back ; then 
for a while, a^gg^ij^ he tliouglit he might be half way through 
the Yalley ; he remembered also how he had already van- 
quished many a danger, and that the danger of going 
back might be much more than for to go forward ; so he 
resolved to go on. Yet the Fiends seemed to come nearer 
and nearer ; but when they were come even almost at 
him, he cried out with a most vehement voice, " I will 
walk in the strength of the Lord God;" so they gave 
back, and came no further. 

When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate condi- 
tion some considerable time, he thought he heard the voice 
of a man, as going before him, saying, Though I walk 
through the Yalley of the Shadow of Death, I will fear 
none ill, for Thou art with me. 

Then was he glad, and that for these reasons : 

First, Because he gathered from thence, that some who 
feared God were in this Yalley as well as himself. 

Secondly, For that he perceived God was with them, 
though in that dark and dismal state ; and why not, 
thought he, with me? though by reason of the impediment 
that attends this place, I cannot perceive it. 

Thirdly, For that he hoped, could he overtake them, to 
have company by and by. So he went on, and called to 
him that was before ; but he knew not what to answer, 
for that he also thought himself to be alone. And by and 
by the day broke ; then said Christian, " He hath turned 
the Shadow of Death into the morning." 



NEW DANGERS. 47 

'Now morning being come, he looked back, not out of de- 
sire to return, but to see, by the light of the day, christian 
what hazard she had gone througli in the dark. S/day. 
So he saw more perfectly the Ditch that v,^as on the one 
hand, and the Quag that was on the other ; also how nar- 
row the way was which led betwixt them both ; also now 
he saw the Hobgoblins, and Satyrs, and Dragons of the 
Pit, but all afar off ; for after break of day, they came not 
nigh ; yet they were discovered to him, according to that 
which is written, ** He discovereth deep things out of dark- 
ness, and bringeth out to light the Shadow of Death." 

Kow was Christian much affected with his deliverance 
from all the dangers of his solitary way ; which dangers, 
though he feared them more before, yet he saw them more 
clearly now, because the light of the day made them con- 
spicuous to him. And about this time the Sun was rising, 
and this Avas another mercy to Christian ; for you must 
note, that though the first part of the Yalley of the Shadow 
of Death was dangerous, yet this second part which he 
was yet to go was, if possible, far more dangerous : for 
from the place where he now stood, even to the end of the 
Yalle}^, the way was all along set so full of Snares, Traps, 
Gins,^ and I^ets here, and so full of Pits, Pitfalls, deep 
Holes, and Shelvings down there, that had it now been 
dark, as it was when he came the first part of the way, 
had he had a thousand souls, they had in reason been 
cast away ; but as I said, just now the Sun was rising. 
Then said he, " His candle shineth on my head, and by his 
liglit I go through darkness." In this light, therefore, he 
came to the end of the Yalley. 

Now as Christian went on his way, he came to a little 

1 This word is short for engine or con- means a trap or a snare. The original mean. 
trivance. It is not much used now, but ing seems to be that of deceit. 



48 THE pilgrim's progeess. 

ascent, which was cast up on purpose that Pilgrims might 
see before them. Up there therefore Christian went, and 
looking forward, he saw Faithful before him, upon his 
Journey. Then said Christian aloud, Ho, ho, So-ho ; stay, 
and I will be your Companion. At that Faithful looked 
behind him ; to whom Christian cried again. Stay, stay, 
till I come up to you. But Faithful answered, E'o, I am 
upon my life, and the Avenger of Blood ^ is behind me. 

At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting to 
all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, 
overtakes and did also overrun him, so the last was first. 
Then did Christian vain-gloriously smile, because 
he had gotten the start of his Brother; but not taking 
good heed to his feet, he suddenly stumbled and fell, and 
could not rise again, until Faithful came up to help him. 

Then I saw in my Dream they went very lovingly on 
together, and had sweet discourse of all things that had 
happened to them in their Pilgrimage. 

Chr, Did you not see the house that stood there on the 
top of that Hill ? 

Faith. Yes, and the Lions too, before I came at it : but 
for the Lions, I think they were asleep, for it was about 
Noon ; and because I had so much of the day before me, I 
passed by the Porter, and came down the Hill. 

Chr. He told me indeed that he saw you go by, but I 
wish you had called at the House, for they would have 
showed you so many Parities, that you would scarce have 
forgot them to the day of your death. But pray tell me, 
Did you meet nobody in the Yalley of Humility ? 

1 The kinsman or friend of a murdered that he has killed any one, but that he is 

man was the "avenger of blood." The fleeing to the Celestial City as one would 

Jewish law appointed certain "cities of fly to a city of refuge. He says he is upon 

refuge," whither one pursued by the avenger his life— that is, fleeing for his life ; that is, 

of blood might fly. Faithful does not mean fleeing from destruction. 



THE ADVENTURES OF FAITHFUL. 49 

Faith. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would 
wilhngly have persuaded me to go back again 
with him; his reason was, for that the Valley assaulted by 

11 .1 TT- 1 T-r 11 Discontent. 

was altogether without Honor. He told me, 
moreover, that there to go was the way to disobey all my 
friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, Self-conceit, Worldly-glory, 
with others, who he knew, as he said, would be very much 
offended, if I made such a Fool of myself as to wade 
through this Valley. 

Ch\ Well, and how did you answer him ? 

Faith. I told him. That although all these that he named 
might claim kindred of me, and that rightly, (for indeed 
they were my Relations according to the flesh) yet since I 
became a Pilgrim, they have disowned me, as I also have 
rejected them ; and therefore they were to me now no 
more than if they had never been of my Lineage. I told 
him moreover, that as to this Valley, he had quite mis- 
represented the thing : for before Honor is Humility, and 
a haughty spirit before a fall. Therefore said I, I had 
rather go through this Valley to the honor that was so 
accounted by the wisest, than choose that which he 
esteemed most worthy our affections. 

Ghr. Did you meet no body else in that Valley ? 

Faith. No, not I ; for I had Sun-shine all the rest of the 
way through that, and also through the Valle}^ of the 
Shadow of Death. 

Chr. 'Twas well for you ; I am sure it fared far other- 
wise with me ; I had for a long season, as soon almost as 
I entered into that Valley, a dreadful Combat with that 
foul Fiend Apollyon ; yea, I thought verily he would have 
killed me, especially when he got me down and crushed 
me under him, as if he would have crushed me to pieces. 

1 dishonorable, disgraceful. 

4 



50 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

For as be threw me, my Sword flew out of mj hand ; nay, 
he told me, He was sure of me : but I cried to God, and 
he heard me, and dehvered me out of all my troubles. 
Then I entered into the Yalley of the Shadow of Death, 
and had no light for almost half the way through it. I 
thought I should a been killed there, over and over ; but 
at last day brake, and the Sun rose, and I went through 
that which was behind with far more ease and quiet. 

Thus they went on talking of what they had seen by 
the way, and so made that way easy, which would other- 
wise, no doubt, have been tedious to them ; for now they 
went through a Wilderness. 

'Now when they were got almost quite out of this 
Wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and 
espied one coming after them, and he knew him. Oh ! 
said Faithful to his Brother, Who comes yonder? Then 
Christian looked, and said, It is my good friend Evangelist. 
Ay, and my good friend too, said Faithful, for 'twas he 
that set me the way to the Gate. Now was 
overtakes Evano^elisfe comc up unto them, and thus saluted 

them. ^ ^ ' 

them : 
Ev)an. Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and peace be 
to your helpers.^ 

Chr. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist, the sight 
of thy countenance brino-s to my remembrance 

They are . o .y 

glad at the thy aucicnt kindness and unwearied laborino^ for 

sight of him. *^ ° 

my eternal good. 

Faith. And a thousand times welcome, said good Faith- 
ful. Thy company, O sweet Evangelist, how desirable is 
it to us poor Pilgrims ! 

Evan. Then said Evangelist, How hath it fared Avith 
you, my friends, since the time of our last parting? 

1 all who had been good to them. 



EVANGELIST EXHORTS THEM. 51 

What have you met with, and how have you behaved 
yourselves ? 

Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things that 
had happened to them in the way ; and how, and w^ith 
what difficulty, they had arrived to that place. 

Evan. Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you 
have met with trials, but that you have been vie- ^^^ exhorta- 
tors; and for that you have (notwithstanding tiontothem. 
many weaknesses) continued in the way to this very day. 

I say, right glad am I of this thing, and that for mine 
own sake and yours : I have sowed, and you have reaped ; 
and the day is coming, when both he that sowed and they 
that reaped shall rejoice together ; that is, if you hold out : 
for in due time ye shall reap, if you faint not. The Crown 
is before you, and it is an incorruptible one ; so run that 
you may obtain it. Some there be that set out for this 
Crown, and after they have gone far for it, another comes 
in, and takes it from them ; hold fast therefore that you 
have, let no man take your Crown. You are not yet out 
of the gun-shot of the Devil ; you have not resisted unto 
blood, striving against sin ; let the Kingdom be always 
before you, and believe steadfastly concerning things that 
are invisible.^ Let nothing that is on this side the other 
world get within you : and above all, look well to your 
own hearts, and to tlie lusts thereof, for they are deceitful 
above all things, and desperately wicked ; set ^ your faces 
like a flint ; you have all power in Heaven and Earth on 
your side. 

Clir. Then Christian thanked him for his exhortation, 
but told him w^ithal, that they would have him speak 
farther to them for their help the rest of the w^ay, and the 

1 not to be seen. Some people with the that it is hard to believe in what they cannot 
proverb in mind, " Seeing is believing,'' feel see. 2 harden ; as plaster hardens or sets. 



52 



rather, for that they well knew that he was a Prophet, 
and could tell them of things that might happen unto 
them, and also how they might resist and overcome them. 
To which request Faithful also consented. So Evangelist 
began as followeth : 

Evan. My Sons, jo\x have heard in the words of the 
He predict- ^^^h of the Gospcl, that you must through many 
traubiS* tribulations enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. 
Slet wfth in ^^^ again, that in every City bonds and afflic- 
Sfd encoJr-' tious abide you ; and therefore you cannot expect 
tfsteadS- that you should go long on your Pilgrimage 
^^^^' without them, in some sort or other. You have 

found something of the truth of these testimonies upon 
you already, and more will immediately follow ; for now, 
as you see, you are almost out of this Wilderness, and 
therefore you will soon come into a Town that you will 
by and by see before you ; and in that Town you will be 
hardly beset with enemies, who will strain hard but they 
will kill you ; ^ and be ye sure that one or both of you must 
seal the testimony which you hold, with blood ; but be you 
faithful unto death, and the King will give you a Crown 
of life. He that shall die there, although his death will be 
unnatural, and his pain perhaps great, he will yet have the 
better of his fellow ; not only because he will be arrived at 
the Celestial City soonest, but because he will escape many 
miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of his 
Journey. But when you are come to the Town, and shall 
find fulfilled what I have here related, then remember 
your friend, and quit ^ yourselves like men, and commit 
the keeping of your souls to your God in well-doing, as 
unto a faithful Creator. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that when they were got out 

1 try hard to kill you. ^ acquit yourselves, behave. 



VANITY FAIR. 53 

of the Wilderness, they presently saw a Town before them, 
and the name of that Town is Yanity.^ And at the Town 
there is a Fair kept, called Yanity Fair : it is kept all the 
year long ; it beareth the name of Yanity Fair, because the 
Town where 'tis kept is lighter than Yanity ; and also 
because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is 
Yanity. As is the saying of the wise, " All that cometh is 
Yanity." 

This Fair is no new-erected business, but a thing of 
ancient standing ; I will show you the original of it. 

Almost five thousand years agone, there were Pilgrims 
walking to the Celestial City, as these two 
honest persons are ; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, qufty o/' 
and Legion,^ with their Companions, perceiving 
by the path that the Pilgrims made, that their way to the 
City lay through this Town of Yanity, they contrived 
here to set up a Fair ; a Fair wherein should be sold all 
sorts of Yanity, and that it should last all the year long : 
therefore at this Fair are all such Merchandise sold, as 
Houses, Lands, Trades, Places, Honors, Preferments, 
Titles, Countries, Kingdoms, Lusts, Pleasures, 
and Delights of all sorts, as Wives, Husbands, cha^ndise'of 
Children, Masters, Servants, Lives, Blood, Bodies, 
Souls, Silver, Gold, Pearls, Precious Stones,^ and what 
not. 

And moreover, at this Fair there is at all times to be 
seen Jugglings, Cheats, Games, Plays, Fools, Apes, Knaves, 
and Rogues, and that of all sorts. 

Here are to be seen too, and that for nothing, Thefts, 

1 Vanity is worthlessness, falseness, illu- 2 gee Mark, v. 9 : "My name is Legion." 

sion. By the town of Vanity Bunyan means A legion is a great number, so the text goes 

the worldly life as opposed to the Christian on, " For we are many." 

life. For Vanity Fair see Introduction, 3 i. e., all sorts of things which people 

p. XV. care about and think of great value. 



64 



Murders, Adulteries, False-swearers, and that of a blood- 
red color. 

And as in other Fairs of less moment there are the 
several Rows and Streets under their proper^ names, 
Avhere such and such Wares are vended, so here likewise 
you have the proper places, Rows, Streets, (viz. Countries 
and Kingdoms) where the Wares of this Fair are soonest 
to be found : Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, 
the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German 
Jnws Fa^r. Row, wherc several sorts of Vanities are to be 
sold. 

Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just 
through this Town where this lusty ^ Fair is kept; and he 
that will go to the City, and yet not go through this 
Town, must needs go out of the world. The Prince of 
Princes himself, when here, went through this Town to 
his own Country, and that upon a Fair-day too ; yea, and 
as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief Lord of this Fair, 
that invited him to buy of his Vanities: yea, would have 
made him Lord of the Fair, would he but have done him 
reverence as he went through the Town.^ Yea, because he 
was such a person of honor, Beelzebub had him from 
Street to Street, and showed him all the Kingdoms of the 
World in a little time, that he might, (if possible) allure 
that Blessed One to cheapen^ and buy some of his Vanities ; 
but he had no mind to the Merchandise, and therefore left 
the Town, without laying out so much as one Farthing 
upon these Vanities. This Fair therefore is an Ancient 
thing, of long standing and a very great Fair. 



1 own. 4 To cheapen vfHB originally "to bargain 

2 strong, powerful, lively. for," " to offer a price," '^ to buy " ; the in- 

3 The allusion is to the Temptation : variable desire of tlie buyer has given the 
Matt. iii. 8-11. word its present meaning. 



THE HUBBUB OF VANITY. 55 

Now these Pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through 
this Fair. Well, so they did ; but behold, even 
as they entered into the Fair, all the people in gnms enter 
the Fair were moved, and the Town itself as it 
were in a hubbub about them; and that for in a hubbub 

I J, about them. 

several reasons : tor 

First, The Pilgrims were clothed with such kind of 
Kaiment as was diverse from the Eaiment of any that 
traded in that Fair. The people therefore of the Fair 
made a great gazing upon them : some said they were 
Fools, some they were Bedlams,^ and some they are Out- 
landish-men. 

Second!}^, And as they wondered at their Apparel, so 
they did likewise at their Speech ; for few could under- 
stand what they said : they naturally spoke the language 
of Canaan, but they that kept the Fair were the men of 
this World ; so that, from one end of the Fair to the other, 
the}^ seemed Barbarians ^ each to the other. 

Thirdly, But that which did not a little amuse the Mer- 
chandisers was, that these Pilgrims set very light by all 
their Wares ; they cared not so much as to look upon 
them ; and if they called upon them to buy, they would put 
their fingers in their ears, and cry. Turn away mine eyes 
from beholding Vanity, and look upwards, signifying that 
their trade and traffic was in Heaven. 

One chanced mockingly, beholding the carriages^ of the 
men, to say unto them. What will ye buy? But they, 
looking gravely upon him, answered. We buy the Truth. 
At that there was an occasion taken to despise the men 
the more; some mocking, some taunting, some rpi^gya^e 
speaking reproachfully, and some calling upon ^^o^ked. 

1 crazy people. Bedhirn, corrupted from 2 people of a strange and foreign Ian- 
Bethlehem, was the name of a great asylum guage : 1 Cor. xiv. 11. 
near London. s behavior, as on p. 2. 



66 THE pilgrim's progress. 

others to smite them. At last things came to a hubbub 
and great stir in the Fair, insomuch that all order was 
confounded. E'ow was word presently brought to the 
Great One^ of the Fair, who quickly came down and 
deputed some of his most trusty friends to take those men 
into examination, about whom the Fair was almost over- 
The are tumcd. So the men were brought to examina- 
esamined. ^|qj^ . ^^^ they that sat upon them ^ asked them 
whence they came, whither they went, and what they did 

there in such an unusual Garb ? The men told 
whJthej them that they were Pilgrims and Strangers in 
whence they the World, and that they were going to their 

own Country, which was the Heavenly Jerusa- 
lem ; and that they had given no occasion to the men of 
the Town, nor yet to the Merchandisers, thus to abuse 
them, and to let ^ them in their Journey, except it was for 
that, when one asked them what they would buy, they 
said they would buy the Truth. But they that were 
appointed to examine them did not believe them to be 
They are not ^^7 othcr than Bcdlams and Mad, or else such 
believed. ^^ came to put all things into a confusion in the 
Fair. Therefore they took them and beat them, and 
besmeared them with dirt, and then put them into the 
They are put ^^agc, that they might be made a spectacle to all 
in the Cage, ^j-^g j^^j^ ^f ^i^q Fair. There therefore they lay 
for some time, and were made the objects of any man's 
sport, or malice, or revenge, the Great One of the Fair 
laughing still at all that befell them. But the men being 
patient, and not rendering^ railing for railing, but con_ 
trariwise ^ blessing, and giving good words for bad, and 

1 the ruler ; man of authority. ^ hinder, 

a We should say " sat upon their case." It * returning, 
means those who examined them. ^ on the other hand. 



THEY ARE BEATEN. 57 

kindness for injuries done, some men in the Fair that were 
more observing, and less prejudiced than the rest, began to 
check and blame the baser sort for their continual abuses 
done by them to the men ; they therefore in angry man- 
ner let fly at them again, counting them as bad as the 
men in the Cage, and telling them that they seemed con- 
federates, and should be made partakers of their 
misfortunes. The others replied, that for aught the^rSfrVo 
they could see, the men were quiet, and sober, among 
and intended no body any harm; and that there about these 

1 11. 1 • -I-. . 1 two men. 

were many that traded m their Fair that were 
more worthy to be put into the Cage, yea, and Pillory^ 
too, than were the men that they had abused. Thus, 
after divers words had passed on both sides, (the men 
themselves behaving themselves all tlie while very wisely 
and soberly before them) they fell to some blows among 
themselves, and did harm one to another. Then were 
these two poor men brought before their examiners again, 
and there charged as being guilty of the late Hubbub that 
had been in the Fair. So they beat them pitifully and 
hanged Irons upon them, and led them in They are led 
Chains up and down the Fair, for an example S?e^FaiMi7^ 
and a terror to others, lest any should speak in a^tSor to"^ 
their behalf, or join themselves unto them. But '^*^^^^- 
Christian and Faithful behaved themselves yet more 
wisely, and received the ignominy^ and shame that was cast 
upon them, with so much meekness and patience, that it 
won to their side (though but few in comparison of the 
rest) several of the men in the Fair. This put the other 
party yet into a greater rage, insomuch that they con- 

' The pillory was an old means of punish- ing and worse, of the crowd gathered 
ment. It held the head and hands fast, and about, 
exhibited the criminal to the scoffing, rail- 2 disgrace, contempt, dishonor. 



58 THE pilgrim's progress. 

eluded the death of these two men. "Wherefore they 
threatened, that the Cage, nor irons should serve 

verearfet their tum, but that they should die, for the abuse 

kiuthem. they had done, and for deluding the men of the 
Fair. 
Then were they remanded^ to the Cage again, until 
further order should be taken with them. So 

again pift they put them in, and made their feet fast in the 

into the 

Cage, and btOCKS.^ 

after 

brought to Then a convenient time being appointed, they 

brought them forth to their Trial, in order ^ to 
their condemnation. When the time was come, they were 
brought before their enemies, and arraigned.^ The Judge's 
name was Lord Hategood. Their Indictment was one and 
the same in substance, though somewhat varying in form, 
the Contents whereof was this : 

That they were enemies to, and disturbers of their trade ; 
that they had made Commotions and Divisions in the 
Town, and had won a party to their own most dangerous 
Opinions in contempt of the LaAV of their Prince. And 
Faithful came to trial first. 

The names of the Jury were, Mr. Blind-man, Mr. 'No- 
good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. 
Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, 
Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable ; who every one gave 
in his private Yerdict against him among themselves, and 
afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him in guilty 
before the Judge. And first Mr. Blind-man, the foreman, 
said, I see clearly that this man is an Heretic. Then said 
Mr. JSTo-good, Away with such a fellow from the Earth. 

1 sent back, ^ in ordinary course for condemnation. 

2 The stocks held the feet firm, much as * This is the legal word for " called to the 
the pillory the hands. bar to answer an accusation." 



THE DEATH OF FAITHFUL. 59 

Ay. said Mr. Malice, for I hate the very looks of him. 
Then said Mr. Love-lust, I could never endure him. ^N'or 
I, said Mr. Live-loose, for he Avould always be condemning 
my way. Hang him, hang him, said Mr. Heady. A 
sorry Scrub, said Mr. High-mind. My heart riseth against 
him, said Mr. Enmity. He is a Rogue, said Mr. Liar. 
Hanging is too good for him, said Mr, Cruelty. Let us 
dispatch him out of the way, said Mr. Hate-light. Then 
said Mr. Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, 
I could not be reconciled to him; therefore let us forth- 
with bring him in guilty of death. And so they did ; 
therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the 
place where he was, to the place from whence he came, 
and there to be put to the most cruel death that could be 
invented. 

They therefore brought him out, to do with him accord- 
ing to their Law ; and first they Scourged him, then they 
Buffeted him, then they Lanced his flesh with Knives; 
after that they Stoned him with stones, then 
pricked him with their Swords; and last of all death™f 
they burned him to ashes at the Stake. Thus 
came Faithful to his end. 

Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude a Chariot 
and a couple of Horses, waiting for Faithful, who (so soon 
as his adversaries had dispatched him) was taken up into 
it, and straitway was carried up through the Clouds, with 
sound of Trumpet, the nearest way to the Celestial Gate. 
But as for Christian, he had some respite and ^vas re- 
manded back to prison; so he there remained 
for a space. But he that overrules all things, SnfluvJ/^ 
having the power of their rage in his own hand, 
so wrought it about, that Christian for that time escaped 
them, and went his way. 



60 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

N"ow I saw in my Dream, that Christian went not forth 

alone, for there was one whose name was Hopeful, (being 

made so by the beholding of Christian and Faith- 

has^another ful in their words and behavior, in their suffer- 

ompamon. ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ Fair) wlio joined himself unto him, 

and entering into a brotherly covenant, told him that he 
would be his Companion. Thus one died to make Testi- 
mony to the Truth, and another rises out of his ashes to 
be a Companion with Christian. This Hopeful 
mo?eVnhe also told Christian, that there were many more 
FaS will of the men in the Fair that would take their 
time and follow after. 
Then Christian and Hopeful went till they came at a 
delicate Plain called Ease, where they went with much 
content; but that Plain was but narrow, so they were 
quickly got over it. Now at the further side of that Plain 
was a little Hill called Lucre, and in that Hill a Silver- 
Mine, which some of them that had formerly 
a dangerous goue that Way, becausc of the rarity of it, had 
turned aside to see ; but going too near the brink 
of the pit, the ground being deceitful ^ under them, broke, 
and they were slain ; some also had been maimed there, 
and could not to their dying day be their own men again. 
Then I saw in my Dream, that a little off the road, over 
against the Silver-Mine, stood Demas ^ (gentleman-like) to 
call to Passengers to come and see ; who said to Christian 
and his fellow, Ho ! turn aside hither, and I will show you 
a thing. 

CliT. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of the 
way? 

1 We should hardly use this word except ^ por Demas see 2 Tim. ii. 10. He stands 
for a person. We do, however, say " treach- here, of course, as typifying the temptations 
erous ■" in very much the same sense. to sndden,unreasonahle,and dangerous gain. 



THE PILLAR OF SALT. 61 

Demas. Here is a Silver-Mine, and some digging in it 
for Treasure. If you will come, with a little pains you 
may richly pi'ovide for yourselves. Hopeful ' 

Hope. Then said Hopeful, Let us go see. goTCt*^^" 

Chr. ISTot I, said Christian ; I have heard of Swf SSi 
this place before now, and how many have there ^^^^* 
been slain ; and besides that Treasure is a snare to those that 
seek it, for it hindereth them in their Pilgrimage. Then 
Christian called to Demas, saying. Is not the place danger- 
ous ? Hath it not hindered many in their Pilgrimage ? 

Demas. Xot very dangerous, except to those that are 
careless. But withal, he blushed as he spake. 

Chr. Then said Christian to Hopeful, Let us not stir a 
step, but still keep on our way. 

Now I saw, that just on the other side of this Plain, 
the PiloTims came to a place where stood an old 

. . They see 

Monument, hard by the Hioliway-side, at the a strange 

., p-,.,1 1 1 IT Monument. 

Sight 01 which they were both concerned, because 
of the strangeness of the form thereof ; for it seemed to 
them as if it had been a Woman transformed into the 
shape of a Pillar ; here therefore they stood looking and 
looking upon it, but could not for a time tell what they 
should make thereof. At last Hopeful espied written 
above upon the head thereof, a writing in an unusual 
hand ; but being no Scholar, called to Christian (for he 
was learned) to see if he could pick out the meaning ; so 
he came, and after a little laying of letters together, he 
found the same to be this, Remember Lot's Wife. So he 
read it to his fellow ; after which they both concluded 
that that was the Pillar of Salt into which Lot's Wife was 
turned, for her looking back with a covetous heart, when 
she was going from Sodom for safety. Which sudden and 
amazino^ sig-ht o:ave them occasion of this discourse. 

o o o 



62 THE pilgrim's progeess, 

Chr. All, my Brother, this is a seasonable sight ; it 
came opportunely to us after the invitation which Demas 
gave us to come over to view the Hill Lucre ; and had we 
gone over as he desired us, and as thou wast inclining to 
do, my Brother, we had, for ought I know, been made 
ourselves like this Woman, a spectacle for those that shall 
come after to behold. 

I saw" then that they went on their way to a pleasant 
Biver, which David the King called the Biver of God, but 
John, the Biver of the Water of Life. ]^ow their way 
lay just upon the bank of the Biver ; here therefore Chris- 
tian and his Companion walked with great delight ; they 
drank also of the water of the Biver, which was pleasant 
and enlivening to their weary spirits : besides, on the banks 
of this Biver on either side were green Trees, that bore all 
manner of Fruit ; and the Leaves of the Trees were good 
for Medicine ; with the Fruit of these Trees they were 
also much delighted ; and the Leaves the}'' eat to prevent 
Surfeits and other Diseases that are incident to those that 
heat their blood by Travels. On either side of the Biver 
was also a meadow, curiously beautified with 
in which Lilics I and it was e:reen all the year lono^. In 

they lie . ^ J o 

down to this Meadow they lay down and slept, for here 
they might lie down safely. When they awoke, 
they gathered again of the Fruit of the Trees, and drank 
again of the water of the Biver, and then lay down again 
to sleep. Thus they did several days and nights. 

Behold ye bow these crystal streams do glide, 

(To comfort Pilgrims) by the Highway side; 

The Meadows green, besides their fragrant smell, 

Yield dainties for them : and he that can tell 

What pleasant Fruit, yea Leaves, these Trees do yield, 

Will soon sell all, that he may buy this Field. 



BYPATH MEADOW. 63 

So when they were disposed to go on (for thej were not 
as yet at their Journey's end), they eat and drank, and 
departed. 

JSTow I beheld in my Dream, that they had not journeyed 
far, but ^ the Eiver and the way for a time parted ; at 
which they were not a httle sorry, yet they durst not go 
out of the way. ^ow the way from the River was rough, 
and their feet tender by reason of their Travels; so the 
soul of the Pilgrims was much discouraged because of the 
way. Wherefore still as they went on, they wished for 
better way. I^ow a little before them, there was on the 
left hand of the road a Meadow, and a Stile ^ to ^ ^^^ 
go over into it, and that Meadow is called By- ^^adow. 
path-Meadow. Then said Christian to his fellow. If this 
Meadow lieth along by our way -side, let 's go over into it. 
Then he went to the Stile to see, and behold a Path lay 
along by the way on the other side of the fence. 'Tis 
according to my wish, said Christian, here is the easiest 
going ; come, good Hopeful, and let us go over. 

Hope. But how if this path should lead us out of the 
way? 

Ckr. That 's not like, said the other ; look, doth it not 
go along by the way-side ? So Hopeful, being persuaded 
by his fellow, went after him over the Stile. When they 
were gone over, and were got into the Path, they found it 
very easy for their feet: and withal, they looking before 
them, espied a man walking as they did, (and his name 
was Yain-confidence), so they called after him, and asked 
him whither that way led? He said. To the Celestial 
Gate. Look, said Christian, did I not tell you so? By 
this you may see we are right. So they followed, and he 

» See p. 4, note 2. paths across the meadows than in America, 

5 In England, where there are more by- stiles are common. 



64 THE pilgrim's progress. 

went before them. But behold the night came on, and it 
grew very dark, so that they that were behind lost the 
sight of him that went before. 

He therefore that went before (Yain-confidence by 
A Pit to name) not seeing the way before him, fell into a 
vlinViori- ^^^P ^^^? which was on purpose there made by 
ousin. ^YiQ Prince of those grounds, to catch vain- 
glorious fools withal, and was dashed in pieces with his 
fall. 

'Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So they 
called to know the matter, but there was none to answer, 
only they heard a groaning. Then said Hopeful, Where 
are we now? Then was his fellow silent, as mistrusting 
that he had led him out of the way ; and now it began to 
rain, and thunder, and lighten in a very dreadful manner, 
and the water rose amain. 

Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, Oh that I had 
kept on my way ! 

Chr. Who could have thought that this path should 
have led us out of the way ? 

Hope. I was afraid on 't at very first, and therefore gave 
you that gentle caution. I would have spoke plainer, but 
that you are older than I. 

CJiT. Good Brother, be not offended ; I am sorry I 
Christian's ^^^® brought thcc out of the way, and that I 
forieadini ^^^® P^^ ^^®® 1^^^ ^w.^ imminent danger ; pray, 
ther'o^^Sf ^y Brother, forgive me, I did not do it of an evil 

the way. -^^^^^^^ 

Hojpe, Be comforted, my Brother, for I forgive thee ; 
and believe too that this shall be for our good. 

Chr. I am glad I have with me a merciful Brother ; but 
we must not stand thus ; let 's try to go back again. 

Hojpe. But, good Brother, let me go before. 



DOUBTIXG CASTLE. 65 

Chr. No, if you please, let me go first, that if there be 
any danger, I may be first therein, because by my means 
we are both gone out of the way. 

Hope. No, said Hopeful, you shall not go first ; for your 
mind being troubled may lead you out of the way again. 
Then for their encouragement, they heard the voice of one 
saying '' Let thine heart be towards the Highway, even 
the way that thou wentest, turn again." But by this time 
the waters were greatly risen, by reason of which the way 
of going back was very dangerous. (Then I thought that 
it is easier going out of the way when we are in, than 
ffoinff in when we are out.) Yet they adven- ^, 

o o / J They are m 

tured^ to ffo back ; but it was so dark, and the danger of 

o ' ' drowning as 

flood was so high, that in their going back they {Jf^J:^" 
had like to have been drowned ^ nine or ten times. 

Neither could they, with all the skill they had, get 
again to the Stile that night. Wherefore at last, lighting 
under a little shelter, they sat down there till the 

They sleep 

day brake ; but being wear}^, they fell asleep, in the 
Now there was not far from the place where Giant ce- 

A spair. 

they lay, a Castle called Doubting Castle, the 
owner whereof was Giant Despair, and it was in his 
grounds they now were sleeping : wherefore he, getting 
up in the morning early, and walking up and down in his 
Fields, caught Christian and Hopeful asleep in ^^ ^^^^ 
his grounds. Then with a grim and surly voice gJoSlii" ^and 
he bid them awake, and asked them whence they trSoubtfng 
were, and what they did in his grounds ? They ^^^^'^' 
told him they were Pilgrims, and that they had lost their 
way. Then said the Giant, You have this night trespassed 
on me, by trampling in and lying on my grounds, and 
therefore you must go along with me. So they were 

' ventured, tried. 2 came near being drowned. Like is here an adverb, meaning likely. 

5 



66 THE pilgrim's peogress. 

forced to go, because he was stronger than they. They 
also had but httle to say, for they knew themselves in a 
fault. The Giant therefore drove them before hhn, and 
put them into his Castle, into a very dark Dungeon, nasty 
and stinking to the spirits of these two men. Here then 
they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday night, 
without one bit of bread, or drop of drink, or light, or any 
to ask how they did ; they were therefore here in evil 
case/ and were far from friends and acquaintance. ISTow 
in this place Christian had double sorrow, because 'twas 
through his unadvised^ haste that they were brought into 
this distress. 

JNTow Giant Despair had a Wife, and her name was Dif- 
fidence. So when he was gone to bed, he told his Wife 
what he had done, to wit, that he had taken a couple of 
Prisoners and cast them into his Dungeon, for trespassing 
on his grounds. Then he asked her also what he had best 
do further to them. So she asked him what they were, 
whence they came, and whither they were bound ; and he 
told her. Then she counselled him that when he arose in 
the morning he should beat them without any mercy. So 

when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab- 
day, oiSt tree cudgel, and goes down into the Dungeon 
beats his to them, and there first falls to rating of them 

as if they were dogs, although they gave him 
never a word of distaste.^ Then he falls upon them, and 
beats them fearfully, in such sort, that they were not able 
to help themselves, or to turn them upon the floor. This 
done, he withdraws and leaves them, there to condole their 
misery, and to mourn under their distress : so all that day 
they spent the time in nothing but sighs and bitter lamenta- 
tions. The next nio^ht she talkino^ Avith her husband fur- 

1 condition. 2 thoughtless. ^ never a word to show they did not like it. 



GIANT DESPAIB. 67 

ther about them, and understanding that they were yet 
ahve, did advise him to counsel them to make away them- 
selves. So when morning was come, he goes to them in a 
surly manner as before, and perceiving them to be very 
sore with the stripes that he had given them the ^^ j,^..^^ 
day before, he told them, that since they were ^^ar/coun- 
never like to come out of that place, their only |fj5 {S.^^ 
way would be forthwith to make an end of them- ^^^^^^• 
selves, either Avith Knife, Halter, or Poison. For why, said 
he, should you choose life, seeing it is attended with so 
much bitterness? But they desired him to let them 
go. "With that he looked ugly upon them, and rushing to 
them had doubtless made an end of them himself, but 
that he fell into one of his Fits, (for he sometimes 
in Sunshine weather ^ fell into Fits) and lost for eometimea 
a time the use of his hand ; wherefore he with- 
drew, and left them as before, to consider what to do. 
Then did the Prisoners consult between themselves, 
whether 'twas best to take his counsel or no ; and thus 
they began to discourse : 

Chr. Brother, said Christian, what shall we do? The 
life that Ave now live is miserable : for my part 
I know not whether is best, to live thus, or to crSd^ 
die out of hand. " My soul chooseth strangling 
rather than life," and the Grave is more easy for me than 
this Dungeon. Shall we be ruled by the Giant? 

Hope. Indeed our present condition is dreadful, and 
death Avould be far more welcome to me than thus for ever 
to abide ; but yet let us consider, the Lord of the 
Country to which we are going hath said. Thou comforts 
shalt do no murder, no not to another man's per- 
son ; much more then are we forbidden to take his counsel 

1 lu bright, sunny weather despair loses its power. 



68 



to kill ourselves. Besides, he that kills another can but 
commit murder upon his body ; but for one to kill himself 
is to kill body and soul at once. And moreover, my Brother, 
thou talkest of ease in the Grave ; but hast thou forgotten 
the Hell, whither for certain the murderers go ? For no 
murderer hath eternal life. And let us consider again, 
that all the Law is not in the hand of Giant Despair. 
Others, so far as I can understand, have been taken by 
him as well as we, and yet have escaped out of his hand. 
Who knows but that God that made the world may cause 
that Giant Despair may die? Or that at some time or 
other he may forget to lock us in? Or but he may in short 
time have another of his Fits before us, and may lose the 
use of his limbs ? And if ever that should come to pass 
again, for my part I am resolved to pluck up the heart of 
a man, and to try my utmost to get from under his hand. 
I was a fool that I did not try to do it before ; but, how- 
ever, my Brother, let 's be patient, and endure a while ; the 
time may come that may give us a happy release ; but, let 
us not be our own murderers. With these words Hopeful 
at present did moderate the mind of his Brother. So they 
continued together (in the dark) that day, in their sad and 
doleful condition. 

Well, towards evening the Giant goes down into the 
Dungeon again, to see if his Prisoners had taken his coun- 
sel ; but when he came there he found them alive, and 
truly, alive was all ; for now, what for want of Bread and 
Water, and by reason of the Wounds they received when 
he beat them, they could do little but breathe. But, I say, 
he found them alive ; at which he fell into a grievous rage, 
and told them that seeing they had disobeyed his counsel, 
it should be worse with them than if they had never been 
born. 



HOPEFUL COMFORTS HIS BROTHER. 69 

At this they trembled greatly, and I think that Christian 
fell into a Swoon ; but coming a little to himself 
again, they renewed their discourse about the Sn"^*'^^ 
Giant's counsel, and whether yet they had best ^""^^ ^ ' 
to take it or no. N'ow Christian again seemed to be for 
doing it, but Hopeful made his second reply as followeth : 

Hope. My Brother, said he, rememberest thou not how 
valiant thou hast been heretofore ? Apollyon ^^ ^^^^ 
could not crush thee, nor could all that thou Sl^gain 
didst hear, or see, or feel in the Yalley of the fo^r^Jr "^ 
Shadow of Death. "What hardship, terror, and ieS*^ 
amazement hast thou already gone through, and ^^^'^^^• 
art thou now nothing but fear ? Thou seest that I am in 
the Dungeon with thee, a far weaker man by nature than 
thou art ; also this Giant has wounded me as well as thee, 
and hath also cut off the Bread and Water from my 
mouth ; and with thee I mourn without the light. But 
let's exercise a little more patience ; remember how thou 
playedst the man at Yanity Fair, and was neither afraid 
of the Chain, nor Cage, nor yet of bloody Death : where- 
fore let us (at least to avoid the shame, that becomes not a 
Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as well as 
we can. 

Now night being come again, and the Giant and his 
Wife being in bed, she asked him concerning the Prisoners, 
and if they had taken his counsel. To which he replied. 
They are sturdy Rogues ; they choose rather to bear all 
hardship, than to make away themselves. Then said she, 
Take them into the Castle-yard to-morrow, and show them 
the Bones and Skulls of those that thou hast already dis- 
patched, and make them believe, ere a week comes to an 
end, thou also wilt tear them in pieces, as thou hast done 
their fellows before them. 



70 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

So when the morning was come, the Giant goes to them 

again, and takes them into the Castle-yard and 

the G^ant ^^ shows them as his Wife had bidden him. These, 

that shortly said he, Were Pile:rims as you are, once, and they 

hewould \n ■ 1 I, 1 

pull them in trcspasscd m my grounds, as you have done ; 

plGCC8« 

and when I thought fit, I tore them in pieces, 
and so within ten days I will do you. Go get you down 
to your Den again ; and with that he beat them all the 
way thither. They lay therefore all day on Saturday in 
a lamentable case, as before. Now when night was come, 
and when Mrs. Diffidence and her Husband the Giant 
were got to bed, they began to renew their discourse of 
their Prisoners ; and withal the old Giant wondered, that 
he could neither by his blows nor counsel bring them to an 
end. And with that his Wife replied ; 1 fear, said she, 
that they live in hope that some will come to relieve them, 
or that they have picklocks about them, by the means of 
which they hope to escape. And say est thou so, my dear ? 
said the Giant, I will therefore search them in the morn- 
ing. 

Well on Saturday about midnight they began to pray, 
and continued in Prayer till almost break of day. 

IS'ow a little before it was day, good Christian, as one 
half amazed, brake out in this passionate speech : What a 
AKe in ^^^^' quoth hc, am I, thus to lie in a stinking 
bosom caifed P^uugcou, whcu I may as well walk at liberty. 
opens^lny ^ ^^^^^^ a Kcy iu my bosom called Promise, that 
D?ubtkig ^i^lj I ^^^^ persuaded, open any Lock in Doubt- 
castie. -j^g Castle. Then said Hopeful, That's good 

news ; good Brother, pluck it out of thy bosom and try. 

Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and began to 
try at the Dungeon door, whose bolt (as he turned the 
Key) gave back, and the door flew open with ease, and 



THE KEY CALLED PROMISE. 71 

Christian and Hopeful both came out. Then he went to 
the outward door that leads into the Castle-yard, and with 
his Key opened that door also. After, he went to the iron 
Gate, for that must be opened too, but that Lock went 
damnable hard, yet the Key did open it. Then they 
thrust open the Gate to make their escape with speed, 
but that Gate as it opened made such a creaking, that 
it waked Giant Despair, who hastily rising to pursue his 
Prisoners, felt his limbs to fail, so that he could by no 
means go after them.^ Then they went on, and came to 
the King's Highway again, and so were safe, because they 
were out of his Jurisdiction. 

Now when they were gone over the Stile, they began to 
contrive with themselves what they should do at that 
Stile, to prevent those that should come after from falling 
into the hands of Giant Despair. So they consented ^ to 
erect there a Pillar, and to engrave upon the side thereof 
this sentence. Over this Stile is the way to Doubting Cas- 
tle, which is kept by Giant Despair, who despiseth the 
King of the Celestial Country, and seeks to destroy his 
holy Pilgrims. Many therefore that followed after read 
what was written, and escaped the danger. This done, 
they went till they came to the Delectable Mountains, 
which Mountains belono^ to the Lord of that Hill 

The Delec- 

of which we have spoken before; so they went taWeMoun- 
up to the Mountains, to behold the Gardens 
and Orchards, the Vineyards and Fountains of water; 
where also they drank, and washed themselves, and did 
freel}^ eat of the Vineyards. E'ow there was on the tops 
of these Mountains Shepherds feeding their flocks, and 
they stood by the Highway side. The Pilgrims therefore 

1 Christian had too long forgotten that when one trusts to the promise, despair must 
necessarily lose all power. 2 agreed together. 



72 



went to them, and leaning upon their staves (as is common 
with weary Pilgrims, when they stand to talk with any 
by the way) they asked. Whose Delectable Mountains 
are these? And whose be the sheep that feed upon 
them ? 

Bhejp. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, and they 
are within sight of his City ; and the sheep also are his, and 
he laid down his life for them. 

Chr. Is this the way to the Celestial City % 

Shep. You are just in your way. 

Chr. How far is it thither ? 

Shep. Too far for any but those that shall get thither 
indeed. 

Chr. Is the way safe or dangerous ? 

Shep. Safe for those for whom it is to be safe, but trans- 
gressors shall fall therein. 

Chr. Is there in this place any relief for Pilgrims that 
are weary and faint in the way ? 

Shep. The Lord of these Mountains hath given us a 
charge, ITot to be forgetful to entertain strangers ; therefore 
the good of the place is before you. 

I saw also in my Dream, that when the Shepherds per- 
ceived that they were wayfaring men they also put ques- 
tions to them, (to which they made answer as in other 
places) as. Whence came you ? and, How got you into 
the way ? and. By what means have you so persevered 
therein ? For but few of them that begin to come hither 
do show their face on these Mountains. But when the 
Shepherds heard their answers, being pleased therewith, 
they looked very lovingly upon them, and said. Welcome 
to the Delectable Mountains. 

The Shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge, 
Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, took them by the 



THE MEN AMONG THE TOMBS. 73 

hand, and had ^ them to their Tents, and made them par- 
take of that which was ready at present.^ They said 
moreover. We would that ye should stay here a while, to 
acquaint ^ with us ; and yet more to solace yourselves with 
the good of these Delectable Mountains. They told them 
that they were content to stay ; and so they went to their 
rest that night, because it was very late. 

Then I saw that they had them to the top of ^^^^^ ^^^_ 
a Mountain, and the name of that is Caution, *^°°- 
and bid them look afar off ; which when they did, they 
perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and 
down among the Tombs that were there ; and they per. 
ceived that the men were blind, because they stumbled 
sometimes upon the Tombs, and because they could not 
e:et out from amono^ them. Then said Christian, What 
means this ? 

The Shepherds then answered. Did you not see a little 
below these Mountains a Stile, that led into a Meadow, on 
the left hand of this way ? They answered. Yes. Then 
said the Shepherds, From that Stile there goes a path that 
leads directly to Doubting Castle, which is kept by Giant 
Despair ; and these men (pointing to them among the 
Tombs) came once on Pilgrimage, as you do now, even till 
they came to that same Stile ; and because the right way 
was rough in that place, they chose to go out of it into 
that Meadow, and there were taken by Giant Despair, 
and cast into Doubting Castle ; where, after they had been 
awhile kept in the Dungeon, he at last did put out their 
eyes, and led them among those Tombs, where he has left 
them to wander to this very day, that the saying of the 
Wise Man might be fulfilled, " He that wandereth out of 

1 took them. ^ to get acquainted. This intransitive 

2 at the time then present. use is obsolete. 



74 



the way of understanding, shall remain in the Congrega- 
tion of the Dead." Then Christian and Hopeful looked 
upon one another, with tears gushing out, but yet said 
nothing to the Shepherds. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that the Shepherds had them 
to another place, in a bottom,^ where was a door in the 
side of a Hill ; and they opened the door, and bid them 
look in. They looked in therefore, and saw that within it 
was very dark and smoky ; they also thought that they 
heard there a lumbering ^ noise as of Fire, and a cry of some 
tormented, and that they smelt the scent of Brimstone. 
Then said Christian, What means this? The Shepherds 
told them. This is a by-way to Hell, a way that Hypocrites 
go in ,at ; namely, such as sell their Birthright, with Esau,^ 
such as sell their Master, as Judas ; such as blaspheme the 
Gospel, with Alexander ; and that lie and dissemble, with 
Ananias and Sapphira his "Wife. 

Hojpe. Then said Hopeful to the Shepherds, I perceive 
that these had on them, even every one, a show of Pil- 
grimage, as we have now ; had they not ? 

Bhep. Yes, and held it a long time too. 

Hope. How far might they go on Pilgrimage in their 
day, since they notwithstanding were thus miserably cast 
away ? 

Shep. Some further, and some not so far as these 
Mountains. 

Then said the Pilgrims one to another. We had need to 
cry to the Strong for strength. 

Shep. Ay, and you will have need to use it when you 
have it too. 



1 a hollow or valley. 3 For Esau, 8ee Gen, xxv. 29-34 ; for 

2 The word is often used indefinitely for a Alexander, 2 Tim. iv. 14 ; for Ananias and 
heavy, dull, rumbling sound. Sapphira, Acts, v. 1-10. 



THE VIEW OF THE CITY. 75 

By this time the Pilgrims had a desire to go forwards, 
and the Shepherds a desire they should ; so they walked 
together towards the end of the Mountains. Then said 
the Shepherds one to another, Let us here show to the Pil- 
grims the Gates of the Celestial City, if they have skill to 
look through our Perspective-Glass.^ The Pilgrims then 
lovingly accepted the motion ; so they had them to the top 
of an high Hill, called Clear, and gave them their Glass to 
look. 

Then they essayed^ to look, but the remembrance of 
that last thing that the Shepherds had showed them, made 
their hands shake, by means of which impediment they 
could not look steadily through the Glass; yet they 
thought they saw something like the Gate, and also some 
of the Glory of the place. When they were about to de- 
part, one of the Shepherds gave them a Note of th6 way. 
Another of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The 
third bid them take heed that they sleep not on the En- 
chanted Ground. And the fourth bid them Godspeed. 
So I aAVoke from my Dream. 

And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same two 
Pilgrims going down the Mountains along the Highway 
towards the City. N^ow when they had passed a little 
way, they entered into a very dark Lane. Then said 
Christian to his fellow, 'Now I call to remem- 
brance that which was told me of a thing that teiieth ws 
happened to a o^ood man hereabout. The name a story of 

n Y -r . I -r^ . i -, 1 n Little-Faith. 

of the man was Little-Faith, but a good man, and 
he dwelt in the Town of Sincere. The thing was this ; at 
the entering in of this passage, there comes down from 
Broad-way Gate, a Lane called Dead Man's Lane, so called 
because of the Murders that are commonly done there; 

1 a telescope. . 2 tried. 



76 THE pilgrim's progress. 

and this Little-Faith going on Pilgrimage as we do now, 
chanced to sit down there and slept. ]^ow there happened 
at that time, to come down the Lane from Broad-way 
Gate, three sturdy Rogues, and their names were Faint- 
heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, (three Brothers) and they espy- 
ing Little-Faith where he was, came galloping up with 
speed. 'Now the good man was just awaked from his 
sleep, and was getting up to go on his Journey. So they 
came all up to him, and with threatening language bid 
him stand. At this Little-Faith looked as white as a 
Clout,^ and had neither power to fight nor fly. Then 

said Faint-heart, Deliver thy Purse. But he 
robbed by making no haste to do it (for he was loth ^ to 
Mistrust,' ' lose his Money) Mistrust ran up to him, and 

thrusting his hand into his Pocket, pulled out 
thence a bag of Silver. Then he cried out, " Thieves, 
Thieves." With that Guilt with a great Club that was in 
his hand, struck Little-Faith on the head, and with that 
blow felled him flat to the ground, where he lay bleeding 
as one that would bleed to death. All this while the 
Thieves stood by. But at last, they hearing that some 
were upon the road, and fearing lest it should be one 
Great-grace that dwells in the City of Good-confidence, 
they betook themselves to their heels, and left this good 
man to shift for himself. Now after a while Little- Faith 
came to himself, and getting up made shift to scrabble on 
his wa}^. This was the story. 

Hope. But did they take from him all that ever he had ? 
Chr. No ; the place where his Jewels were they never 

ransacked, so those he kept still ; but as I was 
lost not his told, the good man was much afflicted for his 

loss, for the Thieves got most of his spending 

1 clotli. a reluctant. 



LITTLE-FAITH. 77 

Money. That which they got not (as I said) were Jewels ; 
also he had a little odd Money left, but scarce enough to 
bring him to his Journey's end ; nay, if I was not mis- 
informed, he was forced to beg as he went, to 
keep himself alive, for his Jewels he might not forcS to^ 
sell. But beg, and do what he could, he went Jolrney'l 
(as we sa}^) with many a hungry belly the most 
part of the rest of the way. • 

Ilojpe. But is it not a wonder they got not from him his 
Certificate, by which he was to receive his admittance at 
the Celestial Gate? 

Ch\ 'Tis a wonder : but they got not that, though they 
missed it not through any good cunning of his ; for he being 
dismayed with their coming upon him, had neither power 
nor skill to hideanj^thing; so 'twas more by good Providence 
than by his endeavor, that they missed of that good thing. 

Hope. But it must needs be a comfort to him that they 
got not this Jewel from him. 

Chr. It might have been great comfort to him, had he 
used it as he should ; but they that told me the story said 
that he made but little use of it all the rest of the way, and 
that because of the dismay that he had in their taking 
away his Money ; indeed he forgot it a great part of the 
rest of his Journey ; and besides, when at any time it 
came into his mind, and he began to be comforted there- 
with, then would fresh thoughts of his loss come again 
upon him, and those thoughts would swallow up all. 

Hope. Alas poor man! This could not but be a great 
grief unto him. 

Chr. Grief ! ay, a grief indeed ! Would it not ^;K!''*^ 
a ^ been so to any of us, had we been used as he, 
to be robbed, and wounded too, and that in a strange 

» a ia for have, as one pronounces it rapidly between other more important words. 



78 THE pilgrim's progress. 

place, as he was ? 'Tis a wonder he did not die with grief, 
poor heart ! I was told he scattered almost all the rest of 
the way with nothing but doleful and bitter complaints ; 
telling also to all that over-took him, or that he over-took 
in the way as he went, where he was robbed, and how ; 
who they were that did it, and what he lost ; how he was 
wounded, and that he hardly escaped with life. 

Ho;pe. ^ut 'tis a wonder that his necessity did not put 
him upon selling or pawning some of his Jewels, that he 
might have wherewith to relieve himself in his Journey. 

Clir. Thou talkest like one upon whose head is 
snibbeth his the Shell ^ to this very day. For what should he 

fellow for 

imadvieed pawn them, or to whom should he sell them ? In 
all that Country where he was robbed, his Jewels 
were not accounted of ; nor did he want that relief which 
could from thence be administered to him. Besides, had his 
Jewels been missing at the Gate of the Celestial City, he had 
(and that he knew well enough) been excluded from an In- 
heritance there ; and that would have been worse to him 
than the appearance and villainy of ten thousand Thieves. 
Hojpe. But, Christian, these three fellows, I am per- 
suaded in my heart, are but a company of Cowards ; 
would they have run else, think you, as they did, at the 
Hopeful noise of one that was coming on the road ? Why 
swaggers. ^^^ ^^^^ Littlc-Faith pluck up a greater heart"? 
He might, methinks, have stood one brush with them, 
and have yielded when there had been no remedy. 

Clir. That they are Cowards, many have said, 
he°art for but fcw havc fouud it so in the time of Trial. 
ther^isbut As for a fi^rcat heart, Little-Faith had none; 

little faith. ^ ^ ^., ,' -r^, ,, , 

and I perceive by thee, my Brother, hadst thou 
been the man concerned, thou art but for a brush, and 

1 a bird so young as not yet to have got rid of the shell. 



THE king's champion. 79 

then to yield. And verily since this is the height of thy 
stomach, now they are at a distance from us, behave 
should they appear to thee as they did to him, ^e'^^yhe"' 
they might put thee to second thoughts. whe*n we are 

But consider again, they are but Journeymen ^^• 
Thieves ; they serve under the King of the Bottomless Pit, 
who, if need be, will come in to their aid himself, and his 
voice is as the roaring of a Lion. I myself have been engaged 
as this Little-Faith was, and I found it a terrible christian 
thing. These three Villains set upon me, and I expeSlncr'' 
beginning like a Christian to resist, they gave ^^*^^^^^^^- 
but a call, and in came their Master : I would, as the say- 
ing is, have given my life for a penny ; but that, as God 
would have it, I was clothed with Armor of proof. 
Ay, and 3^et though I was so harnessed^ I found it hard 
work to acquit myself like a man : no man can tell what 
in that Combat attends us, but he that hath been in the 
battle himself. 

Hope. Well, but they ran, you see, when they did but 
suppose that one Great-grace was in the way. 

Chr. True, they have often fled, both they and their 
Master, when Great-grace hath but appeared; Tj^e King's 
and no marvel, for he is the King's Champion, champion. 
But I trow you will put some difference between Little-Faith 
and the King's Champion. All the King's Subjects are 
not his Champions, nor can they when tried do such feats 
of War as he. Is it meet to think that a little child should 
handle Goliath as David did ? Or that there should be the 
streno-th of an Ox in a Wren ? Some are strono;, some are 
weak ; some have great faith, some have little : this man 
was one of the weak, and therefore he went to the walls. 

Hojpe. I would it had been Great-grace, for their sakes. 

CJir. If it had been he, he might have had his hands 



80 



full ; for I must tell you, that though Great-grace 
is excellent good at his Weapons, and has, and can, so 
long as he keeps them at Sword's point, do well enough 
with them ; Yet if they get within him,^ even Faint-heart, 
Mistrust, or the other, it shall go hard but they will throw 
up his heels. And when a man is down, you know, what 
can he do ? 

Whoso looks well upon Great-grace's face, shall see those 
scars and cuts there, that shall easily give demonstration 
of what I say. Yea, once I heard he should say, (and 
that when he was in the Combat) We despaired even of 
life. How did these sturdy Rogues and their fellows make 
David groan, mourn, and roar ? Yea, Heman and Heze- 
kiah too, though Champions in their day, were forced to 
bestir them when by these assaulted ; and yet, that not- 
withstanding, they had their Coats soundly brushed by 
them.^ Peter upon a time would go try what he could 
do ; but though some do say of him that he is the Prince 
of the Apostles, they handled him so, that they made him 
at last afraid of a sorry Girl.^ 

I for my part have been in the fray before now, and 
though (through the goodness of him that is best) I am, as 
you see, alive, yet I cannot boast of my manhood. Glad 
shall I be, if I meet with no more such brunts, though I 
fear we are not got beyond all danger. However, since 
the Lion and the Bear have not as yet devoured me, I 
hope God will also deliver us from the next uncircumcised 
Philistine. 

So they went on till they came at a place where they 
saw a way put itself into their way, and seemed withal to 
lie as straight as the way which they should go : and here 

1 iuside his guard. The figure comes 2 had been well beaten, 
from boxing or wrestling. s when he denied his Lord. 



THE PILGRIMS IN A NET. 81 

they knew not which of the two to take, for both seemed 
straight before them ; therefore here they stood still to con- 
sider. And as they were thinking about the way, behold 
a man black of flesh, but covered with a very light Eobe, 
came to them, and asked them why they stood there ? 
They answered they were going to the Celestial City, but 
knew not which of these ways to take. Follow me, said 
the man, it is thither that I am going. So they 
followed him in the way that but now came into ancfhiTei- 
the road, which by degrees turned, and turned 
them so from the City that they desired to go to, that in 
little time their faces were turned away from it : yet they 
followed him. But by-and-by, before they were 
aware, he led them both within the compass of a taken ma 
Net, in which they were both so entangled, that 
they knew not what to do ; and with that the white Robe 
fell oif the black man's back : then they saw where they 
were. "Wherefore there they lay crying some time, for 
they could not get themselves out. 

Chr. Then said Christian to his fellow, N"ow do I see 
myself in an error. Did not the Shepherds bid 

, r-ir* n A • ^ • n 'They bewail 

us beware of the flatterers j As is the sayino: ot their condi- 

^ ° tions. 

the Wise man, so we have found it this day, A 

man that flattereth his N"eighbor, spreadeth a 'Net for his 

feet. 

Hope. They also gave us a ]N"ote of directions about the 
way, for our more sure finding thereof ; but therein we 
have also forgotten to read, and have not kept ourselves 
from the Paths of the Destroyer. Here David was wiser 
than we ; for saith he. Concerning the works of men, by 
the word of thy lips I have kept me from the Paths of the 
Destroyer. Thus they lay bewailing themselves in the 
Net. At last they espied a Shining One coming towards 



82 THE pilgeim's progress. 

them with a Whip of small cord in his hand. When he 
was come to the place where they were, he asked them 
whence they came? and what they did there? 



A Shining 
One com 
to them ^ 
a Whip i 
his hand 



One comes They told him that they were poor Pilgrims going 



to them with , 

awhipin to Zion, but WGYQ led out of their way by a 
black man, clothed in white, who bid us, said 
they, follow him, for he was going thither too. Then said 
he with the Whip, It is Flatterer, a false Apostle, that 
hath transformed himself into an Angel of Light. So he 
rent the 'Net, and let the men out. Then said he to them, 
They are ex- Follow me, that I may set you in your way 
?^'vfcte(fof again: so he led them back to the way which 
nesf ^''^" they had left to follow the Flatterer. Then he 
asked them, saying. Where did you lie the last 
night? They said. With the Shepherds upon the Delec- 
table Mountains. He asked them then. If they had not of 
them Shepherds a N'ote of direction for the way ? They 
answered, Yes. But did you, said he, when you was at a 
stand, pluck out and read your Note? They answered, 
No. He asked them. Why ? They said they forgot. He 
Deceivers asked morcov^cr. If the Shepherds did not bid 
fine spoiien. ^j^^^^ be Ware of the Flatterer ? They answered, 
Yes ; but we did not imagine, said they, that this fine 
spoken man had been he. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that he commanded them to 
They are ^^^ dowu ; wliich whcu they did, he chastised 
senK'tiiefr'^ them sorc, to teach them the good way wherein 
^'^^' they should walk ; and as he chastised them he 

said. As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten ; be zealous 
therefore, and repent. This done, he bids them go on 
their way, and take good heed to the other directions of 
the Shepherds. So they thanked him for all his kindness, 
and went softly along the right way. 



THE ENCHANTED GROUND. 83 

Come hither, you that walk along the way. 

See how the Pilgrims fare that go astray ; 

They catched are in an entangling Net, 

'Cause they good Counsel lightly did forget ; 

'Tis true they rescued were, but yet you see 

They're scourged to boot : Let this your caution be. 

I saw then in my Dream, that they went till they came 
into a certain Country, whose air naturally tended 
to make one drowsy, if he came a strano^er into come to the 

All TTPii 1 Til T Enchanted 

it. And here Hopeiul beo^an to be very dull and Ground. 

^ ^ *^ Hopeful 

heavy of sleep : wherefore he said unto Christian, begins to be 

•^ ^ ^ ^ drowsy. 

I do now begin to grow so drowsy that I can 
scarcely hold up mine eyes ; let us lie down here and take 
one Nap. 

Gli7\ By no means, said the other, lest sleeping we never 
awake more. 

Hope. Why, my Brother ? Sleep is sweet to geepfhSi 
the laboring man ; we may be refreshed if we ^^^ke. 
take a nap. 

Gkr. Do you not remember that one of the Shepherds 
bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground ? He meant by 
that, that we should beware of sleeping ; wherefore let us 
not sleep as do others, but let us watch and be sober. 

Hope. I acknowledge myself in a fault, and had I been 
here alone I had by sleeping run the danger of He is thank- 
death. I see it is true that the Wise man saith, ^'^^• 
Two are better than one. Hitherto hath thy company been 
my mercy, and thou shalt have a good reward for thy labor. 

Now I saw in my Dream, that in good time the Pilgrims 
were got over the Enchanted Ground, and entering into 
the Country of Beulah,^ whose air was very sweet and 

I "Thou shalt no more be termed For- Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah : for the 
sakeu ; neither shall thy land any more be Lord delighteth in thee, and thy laud shall 
termed Desolate : but thou shalt be called be married."— Isaiah, Ixii. 4. 



84 THE pilgeim's peogress. 

pleasant, the way lying directly through it, they solaced 
themselves there for a season. Yea, here they heard con- 
tinually the singing of Birds, and saw every day the Flowers 
appear in the earth, and heard the voice of the Turtle ^ in 
the Land. In this Country the Sun shineth night and day ; 
wherefore this was beyond the Yalley of the Shadow of 
Death, and also out of the reach of Giant Despair, neither 
could they from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. 
Here they were within sight of the City they were going 
to, also here met them some of the inhabitants thereof ; for 
in this land the Shinine: Ones commonly walked, 

Angels. . " J J 

because it was upon the borders of Heaven. 
In this land also the contract between the Bride and 
Bridegroom was renewed ; yea, here, " as the Bridegroom 
rejoiceth over the Bride, so did iheir God rejoice over 
them." Here they had no want of Corn and Wine ; for 
in this place they met with abundance of what they had 
sought for in all their Pilgrimage. Here they heard 
voices from out of the City, loud voices, saying, '' Say ye 
to the daughter *of Zion, Behold thy salvation cometh, be- 
hold his reward is with him." Here all the inhabitants of 
the Country called them, " The holy People, The redeemed 
of the Lord, Sought out, &c." 

'Now as they walked in this land, they had more rejoic- 
ing than in parts more remote from the Kingdom to which 
they were bound ; and drawing near to the City, they had 
yet a more perfect view thereof. It was builded of Pearls 
and Precious Stones, also the Street thereof was paved 
with Gold ; so that by reason of the natural glory of the 
City, and the reflection of the Sun-beams upon it, Christian 
with desire fell sick ; Hopeful also had a fit or two of the 
same disease. Wherefore here they lay by it awhile, cry- 

1 the turtle dove. See the Song of Solomon, ii. 12. 



THE LAND OF BEULAH. 85 

ing out because of their pangs, " If you see my Beloved, 
tell him that I am sick of love." 

But being a little strengthened, and better able to bear 
their sickness, they walked on their way, and came yet 
nearer and nearer, where were Orchards, Vineyards, and 
Gardens, and their gates opened into the Highway. 
IS'ow as they came up to these places, behold the Gardener 
stood in the way, to whom the Pilgrims said. Whose 
goodly Vineyards and Gardens are these ? He answered. 
They are the Kitig's, and are planted here for his own 
delights, and also for the solace of Pilgrims. So the Gar- 
dener had them into the Vineyards, and bid them refresh 
themselves with Dainties. He also showed them there 
the King's walks, and the Arbors where he delighted to 
be ; and here they tarried and slept. 

Now I beheld in my Dream, that they talked more in 
their sleep at this time than ever they did in all their 
Journey ; and being in a muse thereabout, the Gardener 
said even to me. Wherefore musest thou at the matter ? 
It is the nature of the fruit of the Grapes of these Vine- 
yards to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them 
that are asleep to speak. 

So I saw that when they awoke, they addressed ^ them- 
selves to go up to the City. But, as I said, the reflections 
of the Sun upon the City (for the City was pure Gold) was 
so extremely glorious, that they could not as yet with open 
face behold it, but through an Instrument made for that 
purpose. So I saw that as they went on, there met them 
two men, in Paiment that shone like Gold, also their faces 
shone as the light. 

These men asked the Pilgrims whence they came, and 
they told them. They also asked them where they had 

1 made themselves ready. 



86 THE pilgrim's progress. 

lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what comforts and 
pleasures they had met in the way, and they told them. 
Then said the men that met them. You have but two 
difficulties more to meet with, and then you are in the 
City. ^ 

Christian then and his Companion asked the men to go 
along with them, so they told them they would. But, said 
the}^, you must obtain it by your own Faith. So I saw in 
my Dream that they went on together till they came in 
sight of the Gate. * 

Now I further saw that betwixt them and the Gate was 
a Eiver, but there was no Brido;e to s'o over ; 

Death o o ^ 

the Eiver was very deep : at the sight therefore 
of this Eiver the Pilgrims were much stounded ; ^ but the 
men that went with them said, You must go through, or 
you cannot come at the Gate. 

The Pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no 
other way to the Gate ; to which they answered. Yes, but 
there hath not any, save two, to wit, Enoch and Elijah, 
been permitted to tread that path, since the foundation of 
the "World, nor shall, until the last Trumpet shall sound. 
The Pilgrims then, especially Christian, began to despond^ 
in his mind, and looked this way and that, but no way 
could be found by them by which they might escape the 
Eiver. Then they asked the men if the Waters were all 
of a depth ? They said, 'No ; yet they could not 
us"ioudm? help them in that case, for said the}^, you shall 
through find it deeper or shallower, as you believe in the 

death. 4J .1. 1 

Kmg of the place. 
They then addressed themselves to the Water; and 
entering. Christian began to sink, and crying out to his 
good friend Hopeful, he said, I sink in deep Waters ; the 

1 struck with amazement. ^ to be despondent. 



THE RIVER OF DEATH. 87 

Billows go over my head, all his Waves go over me, 
Selah.i 

Then said the other. Be of good cheer, my Brother, I 
feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Christian, Ah 
my friend, the sorrows of death have compassed christian's 
me about, I shall not see the land that flows with the hoiir^of 
milk and honey.^ And with that a great dark- ^^^^^' 
ness and horror fell upon Christian, so that he could not 
see before him. Also here he in great measure lost his 
senses, so that he could neither remember, nor orderly talk 
of any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with in 
the way of his Pilgrimage. But all the words that he 
spake still tended to discover that he had horror of mind, 
and hearty fears that he should die in that Biver, and never 
obtain entrance in at the Gate. Here also, as they that 
stood by perceived, he was much in the troublesome 
thoughts of the sins that he had committed, both since and 
before he began to be a Pilgrim. 'Twas also observed 
that he was troubled with apparitions of Hobgoblins and 
evil Spirits, for ever and anon he would intimate so much 
by words. Hopeful therefore here had much ado to keep 
his Brother's head above water ; yea sometimes he would 
be quite gone down, and then ere a while he would rise up 
again half dead. Hopeful also would endeavor to comfort 
him, saying, Brother, I see the Gate, and men standing by 
to receive us. But Christian would answer, 'Tis you, 'tis 
you they wait for, you have been hopeful ever since I 
knew you. And so have you, said he to Christian. Ah 
Brother, said he, surely if I was right, he would now arise 
to help me ; but for my sins he hath brought me into the 

1 This expression is from the Psalms, to be sung. To many, however, it seems to 
where it is thought to be an indication con- be a part of the text which it follows, 
cerning the music to which the psalm was ^ Exodus, iii. 8. 



88 THE pilgrim's progress. 

snare, and hath left me. Then said Hopeful, My Brother, 
you have quite forgot the Text, where it is said of the 
wicked, " There is no band in their death, but their strength 
is firm, they are not troubled as other men, neither are 
they plagued like other men." These troubles and dis- 
tresses that you go through in these Waters are no sign that 
God hath forsaken you, but are sent to try you, whether 
you will call to mind that which heretofore you have 
received of his goodness, and live upon him in your 
distresses. 

Then I saw in my Dream, that Christian was as in a muse 

a while. To whom also Hopeful added this word, 

delivered Be of good chccr, Jcsus Christ maketh thee 

from his -, -, i • t i r^T • - 

tears in whole I and With that Christian brake out with 

death. ' 

a loud voice. Oh I see him again, and he tells 
me, " When thou passest through the Waters, I will be 
with thee ; and through the Rivers, they shall not over- 
flow thee." Then the}^ both took courage, and the Enemy 
was after that as still as a stone, until they were gone 
The An els ^vcr. Christian therefore presently found ground 
?hem^soS)on ^^ staud upou, and so it followed that the rest of 
pIsswTouTof the River was but shallow. Thus they got over. 
this world, ^^q^;^ upou the bank of the River on the other 
side, they saw the two Shining Men again, who there 
waited for them ; wherefore being come out of the River, 
they saluted them saying, " We are ministering Spirits, 
sent forth to minister for those that shall be heirs of salva- 
tion." Thus they went along towards the Gate. 'Now 
you must note that the City stood upon a mighty Hill, 
but the Pilgrims went up that Hill with ease because they 
had these two men to lead them up by the arms ; also 
they had left their Mortal Garments behind them in the 
River, for though they went in with them, they came out 



THE GLORIES OF THE CITY. 89 

without them. They therefore went up here with much 
agihty and speed, though the foundation upon which the 
City was framed was higher than the Clouds. They 
therefore went up through the Regions of the Air, sweetly 
talking as they went, being comforted, because they safely 
got over the River, and had such glorious Companions 
to attend them. 

The talk they had with the Shining Ones was about 
the glory of the place, who told them that the beauty and 
glory of it was inexpressible. There, said they, is the 
Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the innumerable 
company of Angels, and the Spirits of Just Men made per- 
fect. You are going now, said they, to the Paradise of 
God, wherein you shall see the Tree of Life, and eat of 
the never-fading fruits thereof ; and when you come there, 
you shall have white Robes given you, and your walk and 
talk shall be every day with the King, even all the days 
of Eternity. There you shall not see again such things as 
you saw when you were in the lower Regions upon the 
earth, to wit, sorrow, sickness, affliction, and death, for 
the former things are passed away. You are now going 
to Abraham, to Isaac, and Jacob, and to the Prophets, 
men that God hath taken away from evil to come, and 
that are now resting upon their Beds, each one walking in 
his righteousness. The men then asked. What must we do 
in the holy place ? To whom it was answered, You must 
there receive the comfort of all your toil, and have joy for 
all your sorrow ; you must reap what you haA^e sown, even 
the fruit of all your Prayers and Tears, and sufferings for 
the King by the way. In that place you must Avear 
Crowns of Gold, and enjoy the perpetual sight and vision 
of the Holy One, for there you shall see him as he is. 
There also you shall serve him continually with praise, 



90 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 

with shouting, and thanksgiving, whom you desired to 
serve in the World, though with much difficulty, because 
of the infirmity of your flesh. There your eyes shall be 
delighted with seeing, and your ears with hearing the 
pleasant voice of the Mighty One. There you shall enjoy 
your friends again, that are gone thither before you ; and 
there you shall with joy receive even every one that fol- 
lows into the holy place after you. There also shall you 
be clothed with Glory and Majesty, and put into an equi- 
page 1 fit to ride out with the King of Glory. When he 
shall come with sound of Trumpet in the Clouds, as upon 
the wings of the Wind, you shall come with him ; and 
when he shall sit upon the Throne of Judgment, you 
shall sit by him ; yea, and when he shall pass sentence 
upon all the workers of Iniquity, let them be Angels or 
Men, you also shall have a voice in that Judgment, because 
they were his and your enemies. Also when he shall again 
return to the City, you shall go too, with sound of Trum- 
pet, and be ever with him. 

E'ow while they were thus drawing towards the Gate, 
behold a company of the Heavenly Host came out to meet 
them; to whom it was said by the other two Shining 
Ones, These are the men that have loved our Lord when 
they were in the World, and that have left all for his holy 
Name, and he hath sent us to fetch them, and we have 
brought them thus far on their desired Journey, that they 
may go in and look their Redeemer in the face with joy. 
Then the Heavenly Host gave a great shout, saying, 
" Blessed are they that are called to the Marriage Supper 
of the Lamb." There came out also at this time to meet 
them several of the King's Trumpeters, clothed in white 

1 and be equipped so as to be fit to ride, page as meaning " carriage," as the word is 
It may, liowever, be that Buuyan used equi- more commonly used at present. 



THE GATE. 91 

and shining Eaiment, who with melodious noises and loud, 
made even the Heavens to echo with their sound. These 
Trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with ten 
thousand welcomes from the World, and this they did 
with shouting and sound of Trumpet. 

This done, they compassed them round on every side ; 
some went before, some behind, and some on the right 
hand, some on the left, (as 'twere to guard them through 
the upper Regions) continually sounding as they went with 
melodious noise, in notes on high : so that the very sight 
was to them that could behold it, as if Heaven itself was 
come down to meet them. Thus therefore they walked 
on together ; and as they walked, ever and anon these 
Trumpeters, even with joyful sound, would, by mixing 
their music with looks and gestures, still signify to Chris- 
tian and his Brother, how welcome they were into ^ their 
company, and with what gladness they came to meet 
them ; and now were these two men as 'twere in Heaven 
before they came at it, being swallowed up with the sight 
of Angels, and with hearing of their melodious notes. 
Here also they had the City itself in view, and they 
thought they heard all the Bells therein ring to welcome 
them thereto. But above all, the warm and joyful thoughts 
that they had about their own dwelling there, with such 
company, and that for ever and ever. Oh, by what tongue 
or pen can their glorious joy be expressed ! And thus they 
came up to the Gate. 

I^ow when they were come up to the Gate, there was 
written over it in Letters of Gold, 

'^BLESSED ARE THEY THAT DO HIS COMMANDMENTS, 
THAT THEY MAY HAVE RIGHT TO THE TREE OP LIFE, 
AND MAY ENTER IN THROUGH THE GATES INTO THE CITY." 
' The preposition into comes from the thought of welcome as a verb. 



92 



Then I saw in my Dream, that the Shining Men bid 
them call at the Gate ; the which Avhen they did, some 
from above looked over the Gate, to wit, Enoch, Moses, 
and Elijah, to whom it was said, These Pilgrims are come 
from the City of Destruction for the love that they bear 
to the King of this place ; and then the Pilgrims gave in 
unto them each man his Certificate, which they had re- 
ceived in the beginning ; those therefore were carried in 
to the King, who when he had read them, said, Where 
are the men ? To whom it was answered. They are stand- 
ing without the Gate. The King then commanded to 
open the Gate, "That the righteous nation," said he, 
"that keepeth the Truth may enter in." 

'Now I saw in my Dream that these two men went in at 
the Gate : and lo, as they entered, they were transfigured, 
and they had Eaiment put on that shone like Gold. There 
was also that met them with Harps and Crowns, and gave 
them to them, the Harps to praise withal, and the 
Crowns in token of honor. Then I heard in my Dream 
that all the Bells in the City rang again for joy, and that 
it was said unto them, 

"ENTER YE INTO THE JOY OF YOUR LORD." 

I also heard the men themselves, that they sang with a 
loud voice, saying, 

"BLESSING, AND HONOR, AND GLORY, AND POWER 
BE UNTO HIM THAT SITTETH UPON THE THRONE, AND 
UNTO THE LAMB, FOR EVER AND EVER." 

ISTow just as the Gates were opened to let in the men, 
I looked in after them, and behold, the City shone like 
the Sun ; the Streets also were paved with Gold, and in 
them walked many men, with Crowns on their heads, 
Palms in their hands, and golden Harps to sing praises 
withal. 



THE END. 93 

There were also of them that had wings, and they an- 
swered one another without intermission, saying, " Holy, 
Holy, Holy, is the Lord." And after that they shut up 
the Gates. Which when I had seen, I wished myself 
among them. So I awoke, and behold it was a Dream. 



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Literature Series received. I am delighted with them." 

Mrs. Anna D. Pollard, Plantsville, Conn. " It is just what we want." 

J. G. Crabbe, Superi^itendent, Ashland, Ky. " It [' The Spy'] is one 
of the very best books of its kind that I have seen, and is admirably adapted 
to school work. We shall always be glad to use such books." 

Prof. W. H. Keister, Harrisonburg, Va. "I am much pleased 
with the Literature Series and am thinking strongly of introducing the series 
in my Intermediate and Grammar Grades." 

J. W. Freese, Washington School, Cambridgeport, Mass. " It seems 
to me that they are sure to make their way in the schools." 

E. F. Eddins, Palmerville, N. C. "Allow me to testify to the won- 
derful perfection of your Standard Literature Series. I have been teaching 
ten years and I do not hesitate to say that your publication is the best of the 
kind I have ever seen. I shall introduce it as soon as practicable." 

F. T. Oldt, Superintendent, Dubuque, Iowa. " The effort to bring 
standard literature within the reach of all is most commendable. This can 
be done only through the schools, and by the aid of cheap editions in 
attractive form. I like your edition, and hope to make a few selections." 

A. W. Tressler, Superintendent, Monroe, Mich. " I have found them 
well printed, nicely bound and very cheap. We shall be able to use some 
of them another year." 



STANDARD LITERA TURE SERIES. 



E. H. Davis, Superinte^ident, Chelsea, Mass. "I have read through 
with much interest the copies of your Standard Literature Series, and have 
placed several of them on our list of approved supplementary readers. The 
wonder is that any house can offer such books at so small cost." 

C. F. Boyden, Superintendent, Taunton, Mass. "I am thoroughly 
convinced that the real reading of all our pupils should be standard litera- 
ture. I think your Standard Literature Series well selected and well adapted 
for this work." 

Mason S. Stone, State Superintendent, Monfpelier, Vermont. "Admi- 
rably adapted to our public schools." 

G. A. Southworth, Superintendent, Somerville, Mass. " I have exam- 
ined copies of your Standard Literature ' Series with interest and pleasure. 
The subjects selected are excellent and the plan of the series commends 
itself. The low price brings the books within easy reach." 

Eugene Bouton, Superintendent, Pittsfield, Mass. "The ideal read- 
ing would take the masterpieces complete. Lack of time and money, how- 
ever, must usually make the attainment of this ideal in many cases impracti- 
cable. In all such cases your Standard Literature Series seems a happy 
solution of the greatest good attainable under existing conditions." 

Wm. H. Huse, Principal Hallsville School, Manchester, N. H. "I 
have examined the Standard Literature Series and can hardly use language 
too strong in praise of both the books and the plan on which they are 
arranged and issued, as well as the motive that brings them out." 

Franklin Carter, President Williajtis College, Williamstown, Mass. 
"I think the idea a good one of making the reading of our schools cover 
some such fine stories as are embodied in the Standard Literature Series, 
The abbreviations are necessary, and I judge are well done. The notes 
are certainly discriminating and helpful." 

S. T. Dutton, Superijitendent, Brookline, Mass. " I am glad to say 
that I have been much pleased with the form and the execution of the 
Standard Literature Series. The selections thus far have been excellent 
and the books are attractively constructed." 

Thos. M. Balliet, Superintendeitt, Springfield, Mass. "I like your 
series of the classics so far as I have seen the different numbers." 



UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 

43-47 East JOth Street, New York 



Modern Readers for Graded Schools. 

Davis' Beginner's Reading- Book 
Davis' Second Reading* Book. 
Davis' Third Reading- Book. 
Davis' Fourth Reading" Book. 

These books present the * ' Thought Method ** or *' Sentence 
Method " of teaching reading, and are the only Readers prepared 
especially on that pJan. The author is Supt. Ebbn H. Davis, 
of Chelsea, Mass. 



Natural Science in Simple Stories. 

Holmes' New First Reader. 
Holmes' New Second Reader. 
Holmes' New Third Reader. 
Holmes' New Fourth Reader. 
Holmes' New Fifth Reader. 

These books are most beautifully illustrated and wonderfully 
attractive. Interesting facts about plant and animal life are 
woven into charming stories, well graded, and so judiciously in- 
terspersed with other reading matter as not to become monotonous. 
As leading Readers, or for supplemental reading, they are 
unsurpassed. 

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING CO., 

NEW YORK: 
43, 45, 47 East lOth Street. 

NEW ORLEANS: BOSTON: 

7 1 4-7 1 6 Canal Street. 352 Washington Street. 



SUPPLEMENTAl 

Standard Liter 



Works of standard authors — selec 014 
schools, with introductory and explanav...j 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




158 866 7 ^ 

csingie niilnbers, in 



4 (Single). 

5 (Single). 

6 (Single). 



By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 
By J. Fenimore Cooper. 
By Sir Walter Scott. 
By Washington Irving. 



stiff paper sides, 64 to 128 pages, 123^ cents; double numbers, IGO to 224 
pages, 20 cents. In cloth, 20 cents and 30 cents. 

No. 1 (Single). THE SPY, - - - 
" 2(Double). THE PILOT, - - - 
" 3 (Single). ROB ROY, - - - 

THE ALHAMBRA. - 

CHRISTMAS STORIES. By Charles Dickens. 

ENOCH ARDEN and Other Poems, 

By Alfred Lord Tennyson. 
7(Double). KENILWORTH, - - By Sir Walter Scott. 

8 (Double). THE DEERSLAYER, By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 

9 (Double). LADY OF THE LAKE, By Sir Walter Scott. 

10 (Double). HORSE-SHOE ROBINSON, By John P.Kennedy. 

11 (Single). THE PRISONER OF CHILLON and Other Poems 

By Lord Byron. 

12 (Double). HAROLD, - - - By Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton. 
13 (Single). GULLIVER'S TRAVELS, By Jonathan Swift. 

PAUL DOMBEY, - 

TWICE-TOLD TALES, 

A WONDER-BOOK, 

THE SKETCH BOOK, 

18 (Double). NINETY-THREE, 

19 (Double). TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST, 

By Richard H. Dana, Jr. 

20 (Single). THE SNOW IMAGE, Etc., By Nath'l Hawthorne. 

EVANGELINE, - - By H. W. Longfellow. 

LITTLE NELL, - - By Charles Dickens. 

KNICKERBOCKER STORIES, By Wash'n Irving. 
:i4 (Double). IVAN HOE, - - _ By Sir Walter Scott. 
25 (Single). ROBINSON CRUSOE, By Daniel Defoe. 
:i6 (Double). POEMS OF KNIGHTLY ADVENTURE, 

By Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Macaulay, Lowell. 

27 (Double). THE WATER WITCH, By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 

28 (Single). TALES OF A GRANDFATHER, 

By Sir Walter Scott. 

;J9 (Double). THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS, 

By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 



14 (Single). 

15 (Single). 

16 (Single). 

17 (Single). 



31 (Single). 
33 (Single). 
21^ (Single). 



By Charles Dickens. 
By Nath'l Hawthorne. 
By Nath'l Hawthorne. 
By Washington Irving. 
By Victor Hugo. 



THE GOLDEN-ROD BOOKS 

Contain choice literature for children, graded to supplement First, Second, 
Third arid Fourth Readers. Illustrated. These are the title.s : 

- I. RHYMES AND FABLES. 12 cents. II. SONGS AND 
STORIES, 15 cents. III. FAIRY LIFE, 20 cents. IV. BAL- 
LADS AND TALES, 25 cents. 

Special Discounts to Schools and Dealers. 



UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
43-47 E. Tenth Street. New York. 



